scholarly journals WISC-III Cognitive Profiles in Children with Developmental Dyslexia: Specific Cognitive Disability and Diagnostic Utility

Dyslexia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octávio Moura ◽  
Mário R. Simões ◽  
Marcelino Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Cognitive Disability ◽  
Cognitive Profiles

scholarly journals Visuo-Spatial Skills in Atypical Readers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Trebeau Crogman ◽  
Jeffrey Gilger ◽  
Fumiko Hoeft
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reading Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Applied Approach ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Atypical learners, including those with developmental dyslexia or reading disorder (RD) and twice exceptionality (2e), exhibit a wide variety of cognitive profiles. The empirical data reviewed in this chapter suggest that RD individuals as a group do not generally exhibit superior visual-spatial abilities, but there appear to be specific types of visuo-spatial (VS) skills that RD individuals may show strengths in. This may be particularly true for a subset of RD individuals who could be classified as 2e-RD. This chapter aims to highlight the need for a different theoretical and applied approach to how VS skills in RD populations are considered; it also suggests the need for different methodologies to assess those skills. Recommendations are made for future research to better characterize the VS aspects of the RD profile, their possible neurological underpinnings, and what may be unique VS processing mechanisms in RD and 2e-RD populations.

Cognitive Profiles of Italian Children With Developmental Dyslexia

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Tobia ◽  
Gian Marco Marzocchi
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Italian Children

Clinical Decision-Making for Stroke and Aphasia in the Older Adult

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Hinckley
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Supportive Communication ◽  
Spaced Retrieval

Abstract A patient with aphasia that is uncomplicated by other cognitive abilities will usually show a primary impairment of language. The frequency of additional cognitive impairments associated with cerebrovascular disease, multiple (silent or diagnosed) infarcts, or dementia increases with age and can complicate a single focal lesion that produces aphasia. The typical cognitive profiles of vascular dementia or dementia due to cerebrovascular disease may differ from the cognitive profile of patients with Alzheimer's dementia. In order to complete effective treatment selection, clinicians must know the cognitive profile of the patient and choose treatments accordingly. When attention, memory, and executive function are relatively preserved, strategy-based and conversation-based interventions provide the best choices to target personally relevant communication abilities. Examples of treatments in this category include PACE and Response Elaboration Training. When patients with aphasia have co-occurring episodic memory or executive function impairments, treatments that rely less on these abilities should be selected. Examples of treatments that fit these selection criteria include spaced retrieval and errorless learning. Finally, training caregivers in the use of supportive communication strategies is helpful to patients with aphasia, with or without additional cognitive complications.

1798: Expression and Diagnostic Utility of P63 and Alpha-Methyl-Coa-Racemase (P504S) Cocktail in Ambiguous Lesion of the Prostate

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 475-475
Author(s):  
Vincent Molinie ◽  
Jean-Marie Herve ◽  
Mathilde Sibony ◽  
Gaelle Fromont ◽  
Annick Vieillefond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Utility

Tissue plasminogen activator as a novel diagnostic aid in acute pulmonary embolism

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Flores ◽  
Ángel García-Avello ◽  
Esther Alonso ◽  
Antonio Ruíz ◽  
Olga Navarrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
D Dimer

Background: We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared it with an ELISA D-dimer (VIDAS D-dimer) in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Patients and methods: We studied 127 consecutive outpatients with clinically suspected PE. The diagnosis of PE was based on a clinical probability pretest for PE and a strict protocol of imaging studies. A plasma sample to measure the levels of tPA and D-dimer was obtained at enrollment. Diagnostic accuracy for tPA and D-dimer was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the diagnostic utility of tPA with a cutoff of 8.5 ng/mL and D-dimer with a cutoff of 500 ng/mL, were calculated for PE diagnosis. Results: PE was confirmed in 41 patients (32 %). Areas under ROC curves were 0.86 for D-dimer and 0.71 for tPA. The sensitivity/negative predictive value for D-dimer using a cutoff of 500 ng/mL, and tPA using a cutoff of 8.5 ng/mL, were 95 % (95 % CI, 88–100 %)/95 % (95 % CI, 88–100 %) and 95 % (95 % CI, 88–100 %)/94 %), respectively. The diagnostic utility to exclude PE was 28.3 % (95 % CI, 21–37 %) for D-dimer and 24.4 % (95 % CI, 17–33 %) for tPA. Conclusions: The tPA with a cutoff of 8.5 ng/mL has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for exclusion of PE, similar to those observed for the VIDAS D-dimer with a cutoff of 500 ng/mL, although the diagnostic utility was slightly higher for the D-dimer.

Basic numerical processing, calculation, and working memory in children with dyscalculia and/or ADHD symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Tobias Kuhn ◽  
Elena Ise ◽  
Julia Raddatz ◽  
Christin Schwenk ◽  
Christian Dobel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Numerical Processing ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures

Abstract. Objective: Deficits in basic numerical skills, calculation, and working memory have been found in children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) as well as children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This paper investigates cognitive profiles of children with DD and/or ADHD symptoms (AS) in a double dissociation design to obtain a better understanding of the comorbidity of DD and ADHD. Method: Children with DD-only (N = 33), AS-only (N = 16), comorbid DD+AS (N = 20), and typically developing controls (TD, N = 40) were assessed on measures of basic numerical processing, calculation, working memory, processing speed, and neurocognitive measures of attention. Results: Children with DD (DD, DD+AS) showed deficits in all basic numerical skills, calculation, working memory, and sustained attention. Children with AS (AS, DD+AS) displayed more selective difficulties in dot enumeration, subtraction, verbal working memory, and processing speed. Also, they generally performed more poorly in neurocognitive measures of attention, especially alertness. Children with DD+AS mostly showed an additive combination of the deficits associated with DD-only and A_Sonly, except for subtraction tasks, in which they were less impaired than expected. Conclusions: DD and AS appear to be related to largely distinct patterns of cognitive deficits, which are present in combination in children with DD+AS.


Does Viotin Activate Violin More Than Viocin?

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Victoria Panadero
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
Young Readers

The vast majority of neural and computational models of visual-word recognition assume that lexical access is achieved via the activation of abstract letter identities. Thus, a word’s overall shape should play no role in this process. In the present lexical decision experiment, we compared word-like pseudowords like viotín (same shape as its base word: violín) vs. viocín (different shape) in mature (college-aged skilled readers), immature (normally reading children), and immature/impaired (young readers with developmental dyslexia) word-recognition systems. Results revealed similar response times (and error rates) to consistent-shape and inconsistent-shape pseudowords for both adult skilled readers and normally reading children – this is consistent with current models of visual-word recognition. In contrast, young readers with developmental dyslexia made significantly more errors to viotín-like pseudowords than to viocín-like pseudowords. Thus, unlike normally reading children, young readers with developmental dyslexia are sensitive to a word’s visual cues, presumably because of poor letter representations.

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