Developmental, genetic, and genomic insights into the evolutionary loss of limbs in snakes

genesis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. e23077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Leal ◽  
Martin J. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Loss Of Limbs

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

scholarly journals Human midbrain precursors activate the expected developmental genetic program and differentiate long-term to functional A9 dopamine neurons in vitro. Enhancement by Bcl-XL

2012 ◽  
Vol 318 (19) ◽  
pp. 2446-2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma G. Seiz ◽  
Milagros Ramos-Gómez ◽  
Elise T. Courtois ◽  
Jan Tønnesen ◽  
Merab Kokaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Program ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Developmental Genetic

scholarly journals Trends in flower symmetry evolution revealed through phylogenetic and developmental genetic advances

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1648) ◽  
pp. 20130348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena C. Hileman
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Flower Symmetry ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Developmental Programme

A striking aspect of flowering plant (angiosperm) diversity is variation in flower symmetry. From an ancestral form of radial symmetry (polysymmetry, actinomorphy), multiple evolutionary transitions have contributed to instances of non-radial forms, including bilateral symmetry (monosymmetry, zygomorphy) and asymmetry. Advances in flowering plant molecular phylogenetic research and studies of character evolution as well as detailed flower developmental genetic studies in a few model species (e.g. Antirrhinum majus , snapdragon) have provided a foundation for deep insights into flower symmetry evolution. From phylogenetic studies, we have a better understanding of where during flowering plant diversification transitions from radial to bilateral flower symmetry (and back to radial symmetry) have occurred. From developmental studies, we know that a genetic programme largely dependent on the functional action of the CYCLOIDEA gene is necessary for differentiation along the snapdragon dorsoventral flower axis. Bringing these two lines of inquiry together has provided surprising insights into both the parallel recruitment of a CYC -dependent developmental programme during independent transitions to bilateral flower symmetry, and the modifications to this programme in transitions back to radial flower symmetry, during flowering plant evolution.

scholarly journals Developmental genetic and molecular ecological properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain filling

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Xiong LIN ◽  
Zhong LI ◽  
Jun CHEN ◽  
Zhi-Xing ZHANG ◽  
Ting CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Developmental Genetic

scholarly journals Developmental and genetic regulation of the human cortex transcriptome in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E Jaffe ◽  
Richard E Straub ◽  
Joo Heon Shin ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Quality Adjustment ◽  
Control Dataset ◽  
Risk Variants ◽  
Brain Transcriptome ◽  
Independent Case

SummaryGWAS have identified 108 loci that confer risk for schizophrenia, but risk mechanisms for individual loci are largely unknown. Using developmental, genetic, and illness-based RNA sequencing expression analysis, we characterized the human brain transcriptome around these loci and found enrichment for developmentally regulated genes with novel examples of shifting isoform usage across pre- and post-natal life. We found widespread expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), including many with transcript specificity and previously unannotated sequence that were independently replicated. We leveraged this eQTL database to show that 48.1% of risk variants for schizophrenia associated with nearby expression. Within patients and controls, we implemented a novel algorithm for RNA quality adjustment, and identified 237 genes significantly associated with diagnosis that replicated in an independent case-control dataset. These genes implicated synaptic processes and were strongly regulated in early development (p < 10-20). These data offer new targets for modeling schizophrenia risk in cellular systems.

scholarly journals DrosophilaMale Accessory Gland Displays Developmental Ground Plan of a Primitive Prostate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Kumari ◽  
Pradip Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Male Accessory Gland ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Deep Homology ◽  
The Individual

AbstractConservation of developmental genetic toolkits of functionally comparable organs from disparate phyla reveals their deep homology, which may help overcome the challenges of their confounding categorization as either homologous or analogous organs. A male accessory sexual organ in mammals, prostate, for instance, is anatomically disparate from its phylogenetically distant counterpart—the male accessory gland (MAG)—in insects likeDrosophila. By examining a select set of toolkit gene expression patterns, here we show thatDrosophilaMAG displays deep homology with the mammalian prostate. Like mammalian prostate, MAG morphogenesis is marked by recruitment of fibroblast growth factor receptor, FGFR, a tubulogenesis toolkit signaling pathway, starting early during its adepithelial genesis. Specialization of the individual domains of the developing MAG tube on the other hand is marked by expression of a posterior Hox gene transcription factor, Abd-B, while Hh-Dpp signaling marks its growth.DrosophilaMAG thus reveals developmental design of unitary bud-derived tube—a ground plan that appears to have been reiteratively co-opted during evolutionary diversification of male accessory sexual organs across distant phylogeny.

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