Regulation of vertebrate forelimb development and wing reduction in the flightless emu

It is well known that in many orders of typically winged insects species occur which in the adult stage are apterous or have the wings so reduced in size that flight is impossible. Sometimes the reduction of wings affects one sex only, as in the case of the females of certain moths, but in the majority of cases it is exhibited by both sexes. In many instances wing dimorphism occurs irrespective of sex, one form of the species having fully developed wings and the other greatly reduced wings. In some species the wings are polymorphic. The problem of the origin of reduced wings and of other functionless organs is one of great interest from the evolutionary point of view. Various theories have been advanced in explanation, but in the majority of cases the various aspects of the subject are too little known to warrant discussion. More experimental work is required to show how far environmental conditions on the one hand, and hereditary factors on the other, are responsible for this phenomenon. Those species which exhibit alary dimorphism afford material for the study of the inheritance of the two types of wings, but only in a few cases has this method of research been utilized.

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A brief revision of brachypterous Phaneropterinae of the tropical Andes (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Odonturini)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2991.1.5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2991 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

HOLGER BRAUN

Keyword(s):

Calling Song ◽

Related Genus ◽

Eastern Slope ◽

Tropical Andes ◽

Andean Cordillera ◽

Wing Reduction

The main purpose of this paper is the description of two very tiny, long-legged, and short-winged katydids from the eastern slope of the eastern Andean cordillera of south-east Ecuador, Nanoleptopoda nigrifrons gen. et sp. nov. and N. albifrons sp. nov., the first species along with its ultrasound calling song. The monospecific and closely-related genus Parangara is included in Odonturini. Dichopetala inca and Anisophya equatorialis are transferred under the so far monospecific genus Cohnia, so that now the tribe includes three genera with six species from the tropical Andes. The ecological background of wing reduction in relation to elevation is briefly discussed.

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Simultaneous optical pulse compression and wing reduction

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.96679 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 48 (13) ◽

pp. 823-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

N. J. Halas ◽

D. Grischkowsky

Keyword(s):

Optical Pulse ◽

Pulse Compression ◽

Optical Pulse Compression ◽

Wing Reduction

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The developmental process during metamorphosis that results in wing reduction in females of three species of wingless-legged bagworm moths, Taleporia trichopterella, Bacotia sakabei and Proutia sp. (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

European Journal of Entomology ◽

10.14411/eje.2008.095 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 697-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Shuhei NIITSU ◽

Yukimasa KOBAYASHI

Keyword(s):

Developmental Process ◽

Wing Reduction

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Towards an evolutionary history of European-Alpine Trechus ground beetles: Species groups and wing reduction

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106822 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 106822

Author(s):

Markus H. Möst ◽

Martin Donabauer ◽

Wolfgang Arthofer ◽

Birgit C. Schlick-Steiner ◽

Florian M. Steiner

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Ground Beetles ◽

Wing Reduction ◽

History Of ◽

Species Groups

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The genus Neoheegeria with a new species from Iran exhibiting wing-dimorphism (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4455 (3) ◽

pp. 563

Author(s):

KAMBIZ MINAEI ◽

LIDA FEKRAT ◽

LAURENCE MOUND

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Wing Dimorphism ◽

Wing Reduction ◽

First Time ◽

A New Species

Neoheegeria astragali sp.n. is described as the first known member of this genus to exhibit wing-dimorphism. Collected on Astragalus sp. [Fabaceae] in Iran, it is also unique among Neoheegeria species in having the tube unusually short. Neoheegeria sinaitica is recorded from Iran for the first time, and an illustrated key is provided to the five species of Neoheegeria. Wing reduction among Haplothripini is discussed briefly, and it is concluded that most species of Neoheegeria are associated with species of Astragalus.

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Lehr's fields of campaniform sensilla in beetles (Coleoptera): Functional morphology. II. Wing reduction and the sensory field

Arthropod Structure & Development ◽

10.1016/j.asd.2014.10.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonid Frantsevich ◽

Stanislav Gorb ◽

Vladimir Radchenko ◽

Dmytro Gladun ◽

Alexey Polilov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Morphology ◽

Campaniform Sensilla ◽

Wing Reduction ◽

Sensory Field

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Genotyping-by-sequencing supports a genetic basis for alpine wing-reduction in a New Zealand stonefly

10.1101/264473 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew J. Veale ◽

Brodie J. Foster ◽

Peter K. Dearden ◽

Jonathan M. Waters

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Species Group ◽

Wing Polymorphism ◽

Regulatory Pathways ◽

Population Genetic Differentiation ◽

Wing Reduction ◽

Outlier Loci

AbstractWing polymorphism is a prominent feature of numerous insect groups, but the genomic basis for this diversity remains poorly understood. Wing reduction is a commonly observed trait in many species of stoneflies, particularly in cold or alpine environments. The widespread New Zealand stonefly Zelandoperla fenestrata species group (Z. fenestrata, Z. tillyardi, Z. pennulata) contains populations ranging from long-winged (macropterous) to vestigial-winged (micropterous), with the latter phenotype typically associated with high altitudes. The presence of flightless forms on numerous mountain ranges, separated by lowland fully winged populations, suggests wing reduction has occurred multiple times. We use Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) to test for genetic differentiation between fully winged (n=62) and vestigial-winged (n=34) individuals, sampled from a sympatric population of distinct wing morphotypes, to test for a genetic basis for wing morphology. We found no population genetic differentiation between these two morphotypes across 6,843 SNP loci, however we did detect several outlier loci that strongly differentiated morphotypes across independent tests. This indicates small regions of the genome are likely to be highly differentiated between morphotypes, indicating a genetic basis for morphotype differentiation. These results provide a clear basis for ongoing genomic analysis to elucidate critical regulatory pathways for wing development in Pterygota.

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