scholarly journals Cadherin interplay during neural crest segregation from the non-neural ectoderm and neural tube in the early chick embryo

2017 ◽  
Vol 246 (7) ◽  
pp. 550-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwyn Dady ◽  
Jean-Loup Duband
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Ectoderm

scholarly journals Misexpression of BRE gene in the developing chick neural tube affects neurulation and somitogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wang ◽  
Manli Chuai ◽  
John Yeuk-Hon Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

This is the first study of the role of BRE in embryonic development using early chick embryos. BRE is expressed in the developing neural tube, neural crest cells, and somites. BRE thus plays an important role in regulating neurogenesis and indirectly somitogenesis during early chick embryo development.

Overexpression of Snail family members highlights their ability to promote chick neural crest formation

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 1583-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta G. del Barrio ◽  
M. Angela Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
The Family ◽  
Snail Family ◽  
Migratory Cells ◽  
Snail Gene

The Snail gene family of transcription factors plays crucial roles in different morphogenetic processes during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos. In previous studies of function interference for one of the family members, Slug, we showed its involvement and neural crest formation in the chick embryo. Now we have carried out a series of gain-of-function experiments in which we show that Slug overexpression in the neural tube of the chick embryo induces an increase in neural crest production. The analysis of electroporated embryos shows that Slug can induce the expression of rhoB and an increase in the number of HNK-1-positive migratory cells, indicating that it lies upstream of them in the genetic cascade of neural crest development. The increase in neural crest production after Slug overexpression was confined to the cranial region, indicating that the mechanisms of crest induction somehow differ between head and trunk. The expression of the two vertebrate family members, Slug and Snail, is peculiar with respect to the neural crest. Slug is not expressed in the premigratory crest in the mouse, whereas it is expressed in this cell population in the chick and the opposite is true for Snail(Sefton, M., Sánchez, S. and Nieto M. A. (1998) Development125, 3111-3121). This raises the question of whether they can be functionally equivalent. To test this hypothesis both intra- and interspecies, we have performed a series of ectopic expression experiments by electroporating chick and mouse Snail in the chick embryo hindbrain. We observe that both genes elicit the same responses in the neural tube. Our results indicate that they can be functionally equivalent, although the embryos show a higher response to the endogenous gene, chick Slug.

The differing effects of occipital and trunk somites on neural development in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Lim ◽  
E.R. Lunn ◽  
R.J. Keynes ◽  
C.D. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Local Property ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Atlas And Axis ◽  
Zinc Iodide

In all higher vertebrate embryos the sensory ganglia of the trunk develop adjacent to the neural tube, in the cranial halves of the somite-derived sclerotomes. It has been known for many years that ganglia do not develop in the most cranial (occipital) sclerotomes, caudal to the first somite. Here we have investigated whether this is due to craniocaudal variation in the neural tube or crest, or to an unusual property of the sclerotomes at occipital levels. Using the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 as a marker for neural crest cells in the chick embryo, we find that the crest does enter the cranial halves of the occipital sclerotomes. Furthermore, staining with zinc iodide/osmium tetroxide shows that some of these crest-derived cells sprout axons within these sclerotomes. By stage 23, however, no dorsal root ganglia are present within the five occipital sclerotomes, as assessed both by haematoxylin/eosin and zinc iodide/osmium tetroxide staining. Moreover, despite this loss of sensory cells, motor axons grow out in these segments, many of them later fasciculating to form the hypoglossal nerve. The sclerotomes remain visible until stages 27/28, when they dissociate to form the base of the skull and the atlas and axis vertebrae. After grafting occipital neural tube from quail donor embryos in place of trunk neural tube in host chick embryos, quail-derived ganglia do develop in the trunk sclerotomes. This shows that the failure of occipital ganglion development is not the result of some fixed local property of the neural crest or neural tube at occipital levels. We therefore suggest that in the chick embryo the cranial halves of the five occipital sclerotomes lack factors essential for normal sensory ganglion development, and that these factors are correspondingly present in all the more caudal sclerotomes.

scholarly journals Effects of Shh and Noggin on neural crest formation demonstrate that BMP is required in the neural tube but not ectoderm

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (24) ◽  
pp. 4919-4930 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Selleck ◽  
M.I. Garcia-Castro ◽  
K.B. Artinger ◽  
M. Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Dorsal Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Ectoderm ◽  
Tube Closure

To define the timing of neural crest formation, we challenged the fate of presumptive neural crest cells by grafting notochords, Sonic Hedgehog- (Shh) or Noggin-secreting cells at different stages of neurulation in chick embryos. Notochords or Shh-secreting cells are able to prevent neural crest formation at open neural plate levels, as assayed by DiI-labeling and expression of the transcription factor, Slug, suggesting that neural crest cells are not committed to their fate at this time. In contrast, the BMP signaling antagonist, Noggin, does not repress neural crest formation at the open neural plate stage, but does so if injected into the lumen of the closing neural tube. The period of Noggin sensitivity corresponds to the time when BMPs are expressed in the dorsal neural tube but are down-regulated in the non-neural ectoderm. To confirm the timing of neural crest formation, Shh or Noggin were added to neural folds at defined times in culture. Shh inhibits neural crest production at early stages (0-5 hours in culture), whereas Noggin exerts an effect on neural crest production only later (5-10 hours in culture). Our results suggest three phases of neurulation that relate to neural crest formation: (1) an initial BMP-independent phase that can be prevented by Shh-mediated signals from the notochord; (2) an intermediate BMP-dependent phase around the time of neural tube closure, when BMP-4 is expressed in the dorsal neural tube; and (3) a later pre-migratory phase which is refractory to exogenous Shh and Noggin.

Myogenic specification in somites: induction by axial structures

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Buffinger ◽  
F.E. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Explant Cultures ◽  
Fast Myhc

Specification of the myogenic phenotype in somites was examined in the early chick embryo using organotypic explant cultures stained with monoclonal antibodies to myosin heavy chain. It was found that myogenic specification (formation of muscle fibers in explants of somites or segmental plates cultured alone) does not occur until Hamburger and Hamilton stage 11 (12-14 somites). At this stage, only the somites in the rostral half of the embryo are myogenically specified. By Hamburger and Hamilton stage 12 (15-17 somites), the three most caudal somites were not specified to be myogenic while most or all of the more rostral somites are specified to myogenesis. Somites from older embryos (stage 13–15, 18–26 somites) showed the same pattern of myogenic specification--all but the three most caudal somites were specified. We investigated the effects of the axial structures, the notochord and neural tube, on myogenic specification. Both the notochord and neural tube were able to induce myogenesis in unspecified somites. In contrast, the neural tube, but not the notochord, was able to induce myogenesis in explants of segmental plate, a structure which is not myogenic when cultured alone. When explants of specified somites were stained with antibodies to slow or fast MyHC, it was found that myofiber diversity (fast and fast slow fibers) was established very early in development (as early as Hamburger and Hamilton stage 11). We also found fiber diversity in explants of unspecified somites (the three most caudal somites from stage 11 to 15) when they were recombined with notochord or neural tube. We conclude that myogenic specification in the embryo results in diverse fiber types and is an inductive process which is mediated by factors produced by the neural tube and notochord.

scholarly journals ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR LOW-RESISTANCE INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS IN THE EARLY CHICK EMBRYO

1968 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judson D. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Different Tissues

Electrophysiological evidence is presented for the exchange of small ions directly between cells interiors, i.e. "electrical coupling," in the early chick embryo. Experiments with intracellular marking show that coupling is widespread, occurring between cells in the same tissue, e.g. ectoderm, notochord, neural plate, mesoderm, and Hensen's node, and between cells in different tissues, e.g. notochord to neural plate, notochord to neural tube, notochord to mesoderm. The coupling demonstrates the presence of specialized low-resistance intercellular junctions as found in other embryos and numerous adult tissues. The results are discussed in relation to recent electron microscopical studies of intercellular junctions in the early chick embryo. The function of the electrical coupling in embryogenesis remains unknown, but some possibilities are considered.

scholarly journals Dorsalization of the neural tube by the non-neural ectoderm

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Dickinson ◽  
M.A. Selleck ◽  
A.P. McMahon ◽  
M. Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Slug Expression ◽  
Neural Ectoderm ◽  
Crest Cell

The patterning of cell types along the dorsoventral axis of the spinal cord requires a complex set of inductive signals. While the chordamesoderm is a well-known source of ventralizing signals, relatively little is known about the cues that induce dorsal cell types, including neural crest. Here, we demonstrate that juxtaposition of the non-neural and neural ectoderm is sufficient to induce the expression of dorsal markers, Wnt-1, Wnt-3a and Slug, as well as the formation of neural crest cells. In addition, the competence of neural plate to express Wnt-1 and Wnt-3a appears to be stage dependent, occurring only when neural tissue is taken from stage 8–10 embryos but not from stage 4 embryos, regardless of the age of the non-neural ectoderm. In contrast to the induction of Wnt gene expression, neural crest cell formation and Slug expression can be induced when either stage 4 or stage 8–10 neural plates are placed in contact with the non-neural ectoderm. These data suggest that the non-neural ectoderm provides a signal (or signals) that specifies dorsal cell types within the neural tube, and that the response is dependent on the competence of the neural tissue.

Imidacloprid Exposure Suppresses Neural Crest Cells Generation during Early Chick Embryo Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (23) ◽  
pp. 4705-4715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-jie Wang ◽  
Guang Wang ◽  
Xiao-yu Wang ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Manli Chuai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Early Chick Embryo
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