scholarly journals Diverse roles for the ror-family receptor tyrosine kinases in neurons and glial cells during development and repair of the nervous system

2017 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuharu Endo ◽  
Yasuhiro Minami
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Expression and regulation of Sef, a novel signaling inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases-mediated signaling in the nervous system

2008 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Grothe ◽  
Peter Claus ◽  
Kirsten Haastert ◽  
Ela Lutwak ◽  
Dina Ron
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES: Neuroscience, cell biology MTSS1/Src family kinase Dysregulation Underlies Multiple Inherited Ataxias

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Brown ◽  
Pratap Meera ◽  
Banu Altindag ◽  
Ravi Chopra ◽  
Emma Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Purkinje Neuron ◽  
Purkinje Neurons ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxias ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Protein Levels

AbstractThe genetically heterogeneous Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are caused by Purkinje neuron dysfunction and degeneration, but their underlying pathological mechanisms remain elusive. The Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (SFK) are essential for nervous system homeostasis and are increasingly implicated in degenerative disease. Here we reveal that the SFK suppressor Missing-in-Metastasis (MTSS1) is a novel ataxia locus that links multiple SCAs. MTSS1 loss results in increased SFK activity, reduced Purkinje neuron arborization, and low basal firing rates, followed by cell death. Surprisingly, mouse models for SCA1, SCA2, and SCA5 show elevated SFK activity, with SCA1 and SCA2 displaying dramatically reduced MTSS1 protein levels through reduced gene expression and protein translation, respectively. Treatment of each SCA model with a clinically-approved Src inhibitor corrects Purkinje basal firing, and delays ataxia progression in MTSS1 mutants. Our results identify a common SCA therapeutic target and demonstrate a key role for MTSS1/SFK in Purkinje neuron survival and ataxia progression.Significance StatementThe Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (SFK) are essential for nervous system function, and may contribute to neurodegeneration. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are neurodegenerative diseases where Purkinje neurons fire irregularly and degenerate leading to motor problems. We show that the SFK suppressor Missing-in-Metastasis (MTSS1) is a novel ataxia gene that links multiple SCAs. MTSS1 loss results in increased SFK activity, degenerating Purkinje neurons with low basal firing rates, and cell death. Surprisingly, mouse models for three different SCAs show elevated SFK activity, with SCA1 and SCA2 models displaying dramatically reduced MTSS1 protein levels. Treatment of each SCA model with SFK inhibitor corrects Purkinje basal firing, and delays ataxia progression in MTSS1 mutants. Our results identify a common link among disparate neurodegenerative diseases.

Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Wiktor Djaczenko ◽  
Carmen Calenda Cimmino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

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