scholarly journals Downstream targets ofGATA3in the vestibular sensory organs of the inner ear

2009 ◽  
Vol 238 (12) ◽  
pp. 3093-3102 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Alvarado ◽  
Rose Veile ◽  
Judith Speck ◽  
Mark Warchol ◽  
Michael Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Downstream Targets

Axial specification for sensory organs versus non-sensory structures of the chicken inner ear

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Wu ◽  
F.D. Nunes ◽  
D. Choo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Sensory Organ ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Organ Formation ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Axial Specification

A mature inner ear is a complex labyrinth containing multiple sensory organs and nonsensory structures in a fixed configuration. Any perturbation in the structure of the labyrinth will undoubtedly lead to functional deficits. Therefore, it is important to understand molecularly how and when the position of each inner ear component is determined during development. To address this issue, each axis of the otocyst (embryonic day 2.5, E2.5, stage 16–17) was changed systematically at an age when axial information of the inner ear is predicted to be fixed based on gene expression patterns. Transplanted inner ears were analyzed at E4.5 for gene expression of BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein), SOHo-1 (sensory organ homeobox-1), Otx1 (cognate of Drosophila orthodenticle gene), p75NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor) and Msx1 (muscle segment homeobox), or at E9 for their gross anatomy and sensory organ formation. Our results showed that axial specification in the chick inner ear occurs later than expected and patterning of sensory organs in the inner ear was first specified along the anterior/posterior (A/P) axis, followed by the dorsal/ventral (D/V) axis. Whereas the A/P axis of the sensory organs was fixed at the time of transplantation, the A/P axis for most non-sensory structures was not and was able to be re-specified according to the new axial information from the host. The D/V axis for the inner ear was not fixed at the time of transplantation. The asynchronous specification of the A/P and D/V axes of the chick inner ear suggests that sensory organ formation is a multi-step phenomenon, rather than a single inductive event.

scholarly journals Shaping of inner ear sensory organs through antagonistic interactions between Notch signalling and Lmx1a

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe F Mann ◽  
Héctor Gálvez ◽  
David Pedreno ◽  
Ziqi Chen ◽  
Elena Chrysostomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Notch Signalling ◽  
Sensory Organ ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Embryonic Chicken ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Sensory Patch ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

The mechanisms of formation of the distinct sensory organs of the inner ear and the non-sensory domains that separate them are still unclear. Here, we show that several sensory patches arise by progressive segregation from a common prosensory domain in the embryonic chicken and mouse otocyst. This process is regulated by mutually antagonistic signals: Notch signalling and Lmx1a. Notch-mediated lateral induction promotes prosensory fate. Some of the early Notch-active cells, however, are normally diverted from this fate and increasing lateral induction produces misshapen or fused sensory organs in the chick. Conversely Lmx1a (or cLmx1b in the chick) allows sensory organ segregation by antagonizing lateral induction and promoting commitment to the non-sensory fate. Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of sensory patch formation and the labile character of the sensory-competent progenitors, which could have facilitated the emergence of new inner ear organs and their functional diversification in the course of evolution.

scholarly journals Origins of Inner Ear Sensory Organs Revealed by Fate Map and Time-Lapse Analyses

2001 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hee Kil ◽  
Andres Collazo
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Fate Map ◽  
Sensory Organs

Sensory organ development in cultured striped trumpeter larvae Latris lineata: implications for feeding behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cobcroft ◽  
P. M. Pankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
Latris Lineata ◽  
Striped Trumpeter

Teleost larvae are reliant on sensory organs for feeding, in particular for the detection and subsequent capture of prey. The present study describes the development of sensory organs in cultured striped trumpeter larvae, Latris lineata. In addition, a short-term feeding trial was conducted to examine the feeding response of larvae with different senses available; streptomycin sulfate was used to ablate the superficial neuromasts, and testing larvae in the dark prevented visually mediated feeding. Some non-visual senses are available to striped trumpeter larvae from an early age, as indicated by the presence of superficial neuromasts at hatching, and innervated olfactory organs and a developed inner ear from Day 3 post hatching. The neuromasts proliferated on the head and body with increasing larval age, and formation of the lateral line canal had commenced by Day 26 post hatching. Oral taste buds were not present in any of the larvae examined, up to Day 26 post hatching. At hatching, the retina was at an early stage in development, but differentiated rapidly and was presumed functional coincident with the onset of feeding on Day 7 post hatching. The ventro-temporal retina was the last to differentiate, and was distorted by the embryonic fissure, such that larval vision in the forward and upward visual field would be compromised. In contrast, the dorso-temporal retina was the first area to differentiate, and presumptive rod and double-cone development occurred in this area from Days 11 and 16, respectively, indicating that the forward and downward directed visual field is most suited for acute image formation. Larvae on Day 18 post hatching demonstrated increased feeding with an increase in the senses available, with 8 ± 3% of streptomycin-treated larvae feeding in the dark (chemoreception and inner ear mechanoreception only) and 27 ± 5% of untreated larvae feeding in the light (all senses available). It remains to be demonstrated whether there is an advantage to larval growth and survival by providing live feed during the dark phase in culture, facilitating feeding 24 hours per day.

scholarly journals The Superiority of the Otolith System

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Suppl. 1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Ramos de Miguel ◽  
Andrzej Zarowski ◽  
Morgana Sluydts ◽  
Angel Ramos Macias ◽  
Floris L. Wuyts
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Otolith Organ ◽  
Vestibular Implant ◽  
Otolith System ◽  
Physical Principles

Background: The peripheral vestibular end organ is considered to consist of semi-circular canals (SCC) for detection of angular accelerations and the otoliths for detection of linear accelerations. However, otoliths being phylogenetically the oldest part of the vestibular sensory organs are involved in detection of all motions. Summary: This study elaborates on this property of the otolith organ, as this concept can be of importance for the currently designed vestibular implant devices. Key Message: The analysis of the evolution of the inner ear and examination of clinical examples shows the robustness of the otolith system and inhibition capacity of the SCC. The otolith system must be considered superior to the SCC system as illustrated by evolution, clinical evidence, and physical principles.

Structural-Functional Correlations in Inner Ear Receptors

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Edwin R. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Transmission Electron Micrographs ◽  
Directional Sensitivity ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms

Transduction mechanisms are only partially understood in the sensory organs of the inner ear; and the roles of the receptor cells themselves with their magnificent elaborations of microvilli (stereocilia) and true cilia (kinocilia) are almost completely unknown. Certain clues are available, however. For example, scanning and transmission electron micrographs strongly suggest that the directional sensitivity known to be present in these receptors is imparted to them by the mechanical properties of the anisotropic array of stereocilia. Another clue may lie in the length and shape of the kinocilium.In bullfrog, Hillman found that, almost every receptor of the saccular macula has a kinocilium that is expanded at its distal end to form a large bulb (Fig. 1) which is connected to the tips of the several longest stereocilia and to the membrane supporting the otolith. Thus the entire kinocilium is no longer than the longest stereocilia.

scholarly journals The Key Transcription Factor Expression in the Developing Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs: A Comprehensive Comparison of Spatial and Temporal Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaofeng Liu ◽  
Yunfeng Wang ◽  
Yongtian Lu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Wenjing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Sensory Organ ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Inner ear formation requires that a series of cell fate decisions and morphogenetic events occur in a precise temporal and spatial pattern. Previous studies have shown that transcription factors, including Pax2, Sox2, and Prox1, play important roles during the inner ear development. However, the temporospatial expression patterns among these transcription factors are poorly understood. In the current study, we present a comprehensive description of the temporal and spatial expression profiles of Pax2, Sox2, and Prox1 during auditory and vestibular sensory organ development in mice. Using immunohistochemical analyses, we show that Sox2 and Pax2 are both expressed in the prosensory cells (the developing hair cells), but Sox2 is later restricted to only the supporting cells of the organ of Corti. In the vestibular sensory organ, however, the Pax2 expression is localized in hair cells at postnatal day 7, while Sox2 is still expressed in both the hair cells and supporting cells at that time. Prox1 was transiently expressed in the presumptive hair cells and developing supporting cells, and lower Prox1 expression was observed in the vestibular sensory organ compared to the organ of Corti. The different expression patterns of these transcription factors in the developing auditory and vestibular sensory organs suggest that they play different roles in the development of the sensory epithelia and might help to shape the respective sensory structures.

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