Gangliogenesis in the enteric nervous system: Roles of the polysialylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule and its regulation by bone morphogenetic protein-4

2006 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Faure ◽  
Alcmène Chalazonitis ◽  
Catherine Rhéaume ◽  
Guylaine Bouchard ◽  
S.-Gopalan Sampathkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion

scholarly journals Cell surface modulation of the neural cell adhesion molecule resulting from alternative mRNA splicing in a tissue-specific developmental sequence.

1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Murray ◽  
G C Owens ◽  
E A Prediger ◽  
K L Crossin ◽  
B A Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cytoplasmic Domain ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion ◽  
Neural Tissues

The neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM is an intrinsic membrane glycoprotein that is expressed in the embryonic chicken nervous system as two different polypeptide chains encoded by alternatively spliced transcripts of a single gene. Because they differ by the presence or absence of approximately 250 amino acids in their cytoplasmic domains, these polypeptides are designated ld and sd, for large and small cytoplasmic domain, respectively. We report here that the ld-specific sequences comprise a single exon in the chicken N-CAM gene and that developmental expression of the ld and sd chains occurs in a tissue-specific fashion, with the ld chain restricted to the nervous system. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences from an N-CAM genomic clone with cDNA sequences showed that a single exon of 783 base pairs corresponded to the unique cytoplasmic domain of the ld polypeptide. Sequences from this exon were absent from the single N-CAM mRNA detected in several non-neural tissues by RNA blot hybridization, and immunoblot analysis confirmed that antigenic determinants unique to the ld-specific domain were not expressed in these tissues. Immunohistochemical experiments indicated that only the sd chain was expressed on cell surfaces of non-neural tissues throughout embryonic development. The ld chain was found on cell bodies and neurites of differentiated neurons; it first appeared as neurons began to extend neurites and to express the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule (Ng-CAM) and it was restricted to definite layers in laminar tissues such as the retina and cerebellum. These results suggest that the control of mRNA splicing may affect the regulation of N-CAM function at specific sites within the nervous system and thus influence the control of neural morphogenesis and histogenesis.

scholarly journals Misguided Axonal Projections, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 180 mRNA Upregulation, and Altered Behavior in Mice Deficient for the Close Homolog of L1

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 7967-7981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Montag-Sallaz ◽  
M. Schachner ◽  
D. Montag
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Axonal Projections ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Close Homolog

ABSTRACT Cell recognition molecules are involved in nervous system development and participate in synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. The close homolog of L1 (CHL1), a recently identified member of the L1 family of cell adhesion molecules, is expressed by neurons and glia in the central nervous system and by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system in a pattern overlapping, but distinct from, the other members of the L1 family. In humans, CHL1 (also referred to as CALL) is a candidate gene for 3p- syndrome-associated mental impairment. In the present study, we generated and analyzed CHL1-deficient mice. At the morphological level, these mice showed alterations of hippocampal mossy fiber organization and of olfactory axon projections. Expression of the mRNA of the synapse-specific neural cell adhesion molecule 180 isoform was upregulated in adult CHL1-deficient mice, but the mRNA levels of several other recognition molecules were not changed. The behavior of CHL1-deficient mice in the open field, the elevated plus maze, and the Morris water maze indicated that the mutant animals reacted differently to their environment. Our data show that the permanent absence of CHL1 results in misguided axonal projections and aberrant axonal connectivity and alters the exploratory behavior in novel environments, suggesting deficits in information processing in CHL1-deficient mice.

scholarly journals Initial appearance and regional distribution of the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule in the chick embryo.

1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Thiery ◽  
A Delouvée ◽  
M Grumet ◽  
G M Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Glia Cell ◽  
Neural Cell Adhesion

This study represents a global survey of the times of the first appearance of the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule (Ng-CAM) in various regions and on particular cells of the chick embryonic nervous system. Ng-CAM, originally characterized by means of an in vitro binding assay between glial cells and brain membrane vesicles, first appears in development at the surface of early postmitotic neurons. By 3 d in the chick embryo, the first neurons detected by antibodies to Ng-CAM are located in the ventral neural tube; these precursors of motor neurons emit well-stained fibers to the periphery. To identify locations of appearance of Ng-CAM in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), we used a monoclonal antibody called NC-1 that is specific for neural crest cells in early embryos to show the presence of numerous crest cells in the neuritic outgrowth from the neural tube; neither these crest cells nor those in ganglion rudiments bound anti-Ng-CAM antibodies. The earliest neurons in the PNS stained by anti-Ng-CAM appeared by 4 d of development in the cranial ganglia. At later stages and progressively, all the neurons and neurities of the PNS were found to contain Ng-CAM both in vitro and in vivo. Many central nervous system (CNS) neurons also showed Ng-CAM at these later stages, but in the CNS, the molecule was mostly associated with neuronal processes (mainly axons) rather than with cell bodies; this regional distribution at the neuronal cell surface is an example of polarity modulation. In contrast to the neural cell adhesion molecule and the liver cell adhesion molecule, both of which are found very early in derivatives of more than one germ layer, Ng-CAM is expressed only on neurons of the CNS and the PNS during the later epoch of development concerned with neural histogenesis. Ng-CAM is thus a specific differentiation product of neuroectoderm. Ng-CAM was found on developing neurons at approximately the same time that neurofilaments first appear, times at which glial cells are still undergoing differentiation from neuroepithelial precursors. The present findings and those of previous studies suggest that together the neural cell adhesion molecule and Ng-CAM mediate specific cellular interactions during the formation of neuronal networks by means of modulation events that govern their prevalence and polarity on neuronal cell surfaces.

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