Detection of the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA in “legal high” products and human urine specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1377-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belal Haschimi ◽  
Lukas Mogler ◽  
Sebastian Halter ◽  
Arianna Giorgetti ◽  
Bernd Schwarze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Legal High ◽  
Urine Specimens

Detection of the recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA in ‘legal high’ products and human urine samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Mogler ◽  
Florian Franz ◽  
Daniel Rentsch ◽  
Verena Angerer ◽  
Georg Weinfurtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Human Urine Samples ◽  
Legal High

SOLVOLYSABLE DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE CONJUGATES IN HUMAN URINE

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. COPE ◽  
S. LOIZOU
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sulphate Conjugate ◽  
Urine Specimens

SUMMARY The nature of the urinary conjugate converted by solvolysis, to free unconjugated deoxycorticosterone (DOC) was studied. A comparison of 11 solvolysis techniques has shown that the method employed in this study yielded 86% of the highest yield by any of the techniques tried. Three successive chromatographic systems on paper showed that no appreciable amounts of contaminants were present in the free DOC eluates, following solvolysis. By preparing authentic [3H]DOC sulphate and subjecting it to solvolysis it was shown that more than 90% of the tritiated DOC was recovered, after chromatography of the free DOC extract. This suggests that much of the solvolysable DOC in human urine is present in the form of the sulphate conjugate. The levels of DOC, excreted as the solvolysable conjugate in a variety of urine specimens, were shown to be much higher than those of free DOC, the former being 4·8 to 127 times higher than the amount of the latter. This highly variable ratio suggests that the site of production of solvolysable DOC is different from that for free DOC. The only correlation between free and solvolysable DOC was shown in dexamethasone-suppressed patients, in whom the mean percentage remaining after suppression was 30·6% for free DOC, 24·1% for solvolysable DOC and 22·2% for cortisol. As solvolysable DOC is present in much larger amounts in urine, care is necessary in the storage of urine samples in which free DOC estimates are to be made, as we found that urine specimens left at room temperature for 1 week could show rises of as much as 400% of their starting free DOC levels.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of the cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative stress effects of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-740
Author(s):  
Yigit Sezer ◽  
Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi ◽  
Marilyn A Huestis ◽  
Buket Alpertunga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Legal High ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: JWH-018 was the first synthetic cannabinoid introduced as a legal high and the first of the new generation of novel psychoactive substances that flooded worldwide drug markets. JWH-018 was marketed as “spice,” “herbal incense,” or “herbal blend,” as a popular and legal (at the time) alternative to cannabis (marijuana). JWH-018 is a potent synthetic cannabinoid with considerable toxicity associated with its use. JWH-018 has qualitatively similar but quantitatively greater pharmacological effects than cannabis, leading to intoxications and even deaths. The mechanisms of action of the drug’s toxicity require research, and thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicological profile of JWH-018 in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Methods: SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were exposed to increasing concentrations from 5 to 150 μM JWH-018 over 24 h. Cytotoxicity, DNA damage, the apoptotic/necrotic rate, and oxidative stress were assessed following SH-SY5Y exposure. Results: JWH-018 did not produce a significant decrease in SH-SY5Y cell viability, did not alter apoptotic/necrotic rate, and did not cause genotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells with 24-h exposure. Glutathione reductase and catalase activities were significantly reduced; however, there was no significant change in glutathione peroxidase activity. Also, JWH-018 treatment significantly decreased glutathione concentrations, significantly increased protein carbonylation, and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. For significance, all P < 0.05. Discussion/Conclusion: JWH-018 produced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells that could be an underlying mechanism of JWH-018 neurotoxicity. Additional in vivo animal and human-based studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Screening Method for Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Human Urine

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Weissman ◽  
Mei Lee Lowe ◽  
John M Beattie ◽  
James A Demetriou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract A simple, convenient method is described for the detection in human urine of three major classes of drugs of abuse: amphetamines, barbiturates, and alkaloids. The drugs are adsorbed from urine by a column of non-ionic resin (Amberlite XAD-2), eluted with methanol, and chromatographed on a thin-layer silica gel plate. The drugs are made visible and identified by a series of procedures involving exposure to ultraviolet radiation, heat treatment, sequential spraying with group-specific reagents, and measurement of Rf values. Detection limits for 5-ml urine specimens are: 0.4 µg per ml for amphetamines and barbiturates, and 0.8 g per ml for alkaloids. The test requires 6 h to perform. One technologist can process 50 specimens per day.

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