Investigating the ability of the microbial model Cunninghamella elegans for the metabolism of synthetic tryptamines

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger ◽  
Andreas Wilke ◽  
Stefan König ◽  
Wolfgang Weinmann
Keyword(s):  
Cunninghamella Elegans ◽  
Microbial Model

Effect of carbon source on Phenobarbital metabolism by Rhizopus stolonifer

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027
Author(s):  
Kavitha K ◽  
Asha S ◽  
Hima Bindu T.V.L ◽  
Vidyavathi M
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Microbial Model

The safety and efficacy of a drug is based on its metabolism or metabolite formed. The metabolism of drugs can be studied by different in vitro models, among which microbial model became popular. In the present study, eight microbes were screened for their ability to metabolize phenobarbital in a manner comparable to humans with a model to develop alternative systems to study human drug metabolism. Among the different microbes screened, a filamentous fungi Rhizopus stolonifer metabolized phenobarbital to its metabolite which is used for further pharmacological and toxicological studies. The transformation of phenobarbital was identified by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Interestingly, Rhizopus stolonifer sample showed an extra metabolite peak at 3.11min. compared to its controls. The influence of different carbon sources in media used for growth of fungus, on metabolite production was studied, to find its effect in production of metabolite as the carbon source may influence the growth of the cell.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Chloroxylenol by Cunninghamella elegans IM 1785/21GP and Trametes versicolor IM 373: Insight into Ecotoxicity and Metabolic Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4360
Author(s):  
Marta Nowak ◽  
Katarzyna Zawadzka ◽  
Janusz Szemraj ◽  
Aleksandra Góralczyk-Bińkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Lisowska
Keyword(s):  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Cunninghamella Elegans ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
By Products

Chloroxylenol (PCMX) is applied as a preservative and disinfectant in personal care products, currently recommended for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its intensive application leads to the release of PCMX into the environment, which can have a harmful impact on aquatic and soil biotas. The aim of this study was to assess the mechanism of chloroxylenol biodegradation by the fungal strains Cunninghamella elegans IM 1785/21GP and Trametes versicolor IM 373, and investigate the ecotoxicity of emerging by-products. The residues of PCMX and formed metabolites were analysed using GC-MS. The elimination of PCMX in the cultures of tested microorganisms was above 70%. Five fungal by-products were detected for the first time. Identified intermediates were performed by dechlorination, hydroxylation, and oxidation reactions catalysed by cytochrome P450 enzymes and laccase. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis confirmed an increase in CYP450 genes expression in C. elegans cells. In the case of T. versicolor, spectrophotometric measurement of the oxidation of 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) showed a significant rise in laccase activity during PCMX elimination. Furthermore, with the use of bioindicators from different ecosystems (Daphtoxkit F and Phytotoxkit), it was revealed that the biodegradation process of PCMX had a detoxifying nature.

Transformation of artemisinin by Cunninghamella elegans

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Parshikov ◽  
K. M. Muraleedharan ◽  
M. A. Avery ◽  
J. S. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Cunninghamella Elegans

scholarly journals Copper influence on polyphosphate metabolism of Cunninghamella elegans

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Mendes de Souza ◽  
Petrusk Homero Marinho ◽  
Marcos Antônio Barbosa de Lima ◽  
Aline Elesbão do Nascimento ◽  
Galba Maria de Campos Takaki
Keyword(s):  
Cunninghamella Elegans ◽  
Polyphosphate Metabolism

scholarly journals The paradox of constant oceanic plastic debris: evidence for evolved microbial biodegradation?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricard Solé ◽  
Ernest Fontich ◽  
Blai Vidiella ◽  
Salva Duran-Nebreda ◽  
Raúl Montañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Nonlinear Coupling ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
The North ◽  
Microbial Biodegradation ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Microbial Model

Although the presence of vast amounts of plastic in the open ocean has generated great concern due to its potential ecological consequences, recent studies reveal that its measured abundance is much smaller than expected. Regional and global studies indicate that the difference between expected and actual estimates is enormous, suggesting that a large part of the plastic has been degraded by either physical and biotic processes. A paradoxical observation is the lack of a trend in plastic accumulation found in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, despite the rapid increase in plastic production and disposal. In this paper we show, using mathematical and computer models, that this observation could be explained by the nonlinear coupling between plastic (as a resource) and an evolved set of organisms (the consumers) capable of degrading it. The result is derived using two different resource-consumer mathematical approaches as well as a spatially-dependent plastic-microbial model incorporating a minimal hydrodynamical coupling with a two-dimensional fluid. The potential consequences of the evolution of marine plastic garbage and its removal are outlined.

scholarly journals The oxygenated products of cryptotanshinone by biotransformation with Cunninghamella elegans exerting anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting TLR 4-mediated MAPK signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Shuai Wu ◽  
Qin-Yu Meng ◽  
Xiao-Hui Shi ◽  
Zhen-Kun Zhang ◽  
Hua-Shi Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Cunninghamella Elegans ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Herb ◽  
Oxygenated Products

Abstract Background: Neuroinflammatory processes are critical in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The potent anti-neuroinflammatory inhibitors are expected as the candidates to treat AD. Cryptotanshinone (1), a major bioactive constituent in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Dan-Shen Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been reported to possess remarkable pharmacological activities, especially anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. Methods: Cryptotanshinone (1) was biotransformed with the fungus Cunninghamella elegans AS3.2028 to improve its bioactivities and physicochemical properties. The structures of transformed products were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including HRESIMS, NMR and ECD data. Their anti-neuroinflammatory activities were assessed by ELISA, transcriptome analysis, western blot, and immunofluorescence methods. Results: Three oxygenated products (2–4) at C-3 of cryptotanshinone (1) were obtained, among them 2 was a new compound. All of the biotransformed products (2–4) were found to inhibit significantly lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia cells with the IC50 values of 0.16‒1.16 μM, approximately 2‒20 folds stronger than the substrate (1). These biotransformed products also displayed remarkably improved inhibitory effects on the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2 and iNOS) in BV-2 cells via targeting TLR4 compared to substrate (1). The underlying mechanism of 2 was elucidated by comparative transcriptome analysis, which suggested that it reduced neuroinflammatory mainly through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Western blotting results revealed that 2 downregulated LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: The biotransformed products of cryptotanshinone exhibit potent anti-neuroinflammatory activities. These findings provide a basal material for the discovery of candidates in treating AD.

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