scholarly journals Assessing cannabis consumption frequency: Is the combined use of free and glucuronidated THCCOOH blood levels of diagnostic utility?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Hädener ◽  
Marie Martin Fabritius ◽  
Stefan König ◽  
Christian Giroud ◽  
Wolfgang Weinmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Cannabis Consumption

scholarly journals Cannabis consumers in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Matczak ◽  
Przemysław Adam Pawlicki
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Cannabis Consumption ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

The purpose of this study is an attempt to answer the following questions: (1) Is there a regional differentiation of cannabis consumers in Poland? (2) What is the scale of this differentiation? (3) What factors affect this differentiation? Our empirical study is based on the analysis of an anonymous online survey. The coefficient of variation, taxonomic measures of similarity, synthetic index and Spearman correlation coefficient are used in the analysis. It is observed that cannabis consumption in Poland is most popular among men, youth and young adults (Generation Y), as well as among those who are well-educated, relatively well-off and live in cities. The structure of selected demographic and socio-economic features of the respondents is poorly differentiated regionally. Regional differentiation in the structure of cannabis consumption frequency is at an average level. The spatial distribution of features characterizing the respondents is highly consistent with the spatial distribution of city dwellers aged 15–44, their sex and 5-year age ranges, the level of education, the size of cities and the level of gross domestic product.

scholarly journals CANNABIS (BHANG, CHARAS) CONSUMPTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 597-602
Author(s):  
Fauzia Naz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cognitive Failure ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Cannabis Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances

Cannabis or marijuana is an illegal drug that is being used mostly by young adultscan have adverse effects i.e., dependence syndrome, impaired respiratory and cardiovascularfunctions, psychosocial and mental health disorders. Objective: The present study examinedthe effects of cannabis (including bhang & charas) consumption on emotional and cognitivedisturbances and depressive symptoms in young adults who use cannabis. The researchfurther explored that cannabis consumption frequency will mediate between emotional andcognitive disturbances and depressive symptoms in young adults. Study Design: Correlationalresearch design. Settings: Lahore city. Method: Sample included 200 young adults who usedcannabis in routine and 200 young adults who did not consume any kind of substance. Theage range of the sample was between 20 years to 27 years. Snowball sampling technique wasused to recruit sample. The comparison group was matched on age, education and socioeconomicstatus. Cognitive Failure Questionnaire1, Emotional Regulation Scale2 and PatientHealth Questionnaire3 were used as assessment measures. Results: Results showed thatyoung adults who use cannabis had higher emotional and cognitive disturbances and hadmore depressive symptoms compared to the normal controls. There was a significant positiverelationship and association between cannabis consumption and emotional and cognitivedisturbances and depressive symptoms. Cannabis consumption had mediating relationshipbetween cognitive and emotional disturbances and depressive symptoms. Implications of thestudy along with strengths and limitations of the current study are discussed.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and Central Accumulation of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its Bioactive Metabolites are Influenced by Route of Administration and Sex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L Baglot ◽  
Catherine Hume ◽  
Gavin N. Petrie ◽  
Robert J Aukema ◽  
Savannah HM Lightfoot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cannabis Consumption ◽  
Over Time

Up to a third of North Americans over 16 years old report using cannabis in the prior month, most commonly through inhalation. Animal models that reflect human cannabis consumption are critical to study its impacts on brain and behaviour. Nevertheless, most animal studies to date examine effects of cannabis through injection of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; primary psychoactive component of cannabis). THC injections produce markedly different physiological and behavioural effects than inhalation, likely due to distinctive pharmacokinetics of each administration route. The current study directly examined if administration route (injection versus inhalation), with dosing being matched on peak THC blood levels, alters the metabolism of THC, and the central accumulation of THC and its metabolites over time. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received either a single intraperitoneal injection of THC (2.5 mg/kg) or a single (15 min) session of inhaled exposure to THC distillate (100 mg/mL) vapour. Blood and brains were collected at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 240 minutes post-exposure for analysis of THC and metabolites through mass spectrometry-liquid chromatography. Inhalation results in immediate hypothermia, whereas injection results in delayed hypothermia. Despite achieving comparable peak concentrations of blood THC in both groups, our results indicate higher initial brain THC concentration following inhalation, whereas injection resulted in dramatically higher 11-OH-THC concentrations, a potent THC metabolite, in blood and brain that increased over time. Our results provide evidence that THC and its metabolites exhibit different pharmacokinetic profiles following inhalation versus injection, which could have significant impacts for data interpretation and generalizability. Accordingly, we suggest that translational work in the realm of THC and cannabis strongly consider using inhalation models over those that employ injection.

Diagnostic utility of the combined use of HNF4A and GATA3 in distinction between primary and metastatic breast and gastric carcinomas

Apmis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Z. Saad ◽  
Karima F. Sidhom ◽  
Manal F. Gadallah ◽  
Naglaa A. Samir ◽  
Marwa M. Shakweer
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Gastric Carcinomas ◽  
Combined Use

scholarly journals Correction of small bowel function as a new direction for treating patients with metabolic syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Ya M Vakhrushev ◽  
M V Lyapina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Pancreatic Enzymes ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Small Bowel Function

Aim. To provide a rationale for and to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of the combined use of pancreatic enzymes and actovegin in the combination therapy of patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) on the basis of comprehensive clinical and functional studies of the small bowel (SB). Subjects and methods. In the course of treatment, 120 patients with MS (verified using the diagnostic criteria elaborated by the All-Russian Research Society of Cardiology (2009)) underwent a comprehensive study of SB function: an isolated study of resorptive processes; evaluation of parietal and cavitary digestion, motor-evacuation function. The peripheral blood levels of gastrin, insulin, cortisol, thyroxine and thyrotropin were determined. Results. The combined use of pancreatic enzymes and actovegin has a positive impact on the clinical and functional state of SB, which was manifested as restoration of its hydrolysis and absorption, as well as motor-evacuation function in the patients with MS. The treatment resulted in reductions in the levels of triglycerides from 2.85±0.34 to 1.53±0.18 mmol/l (p

scholarly journals Diagnostic Utility of BAP1, EZH2 and Survivin in Differentiating Pleural Epithelioid Mesothelioma and Reactive Mesothelial Hyperplasia: Immunohistochemical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Adel Hakim ◽  
Hoda Hassan Abou Gabal
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Survivin Expression ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Combined Use

Background: Epithelioid mesothelioma (EM) is the commonest subtype of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Its histopathological discrimination from reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (RMH) could be challenging. Thus, an immunohistochemical panel is mandatory for better discrimination. BAP1 is a newly identified diagnostic marker whose loss is specific to malignant mesothelioma. EZH2 overexpression is reported in different cancers, but its relation to BAP1 in malignant mesothelioma has not been fully understood. Survivin expression is said to be significantly higher in EM than in non-neoplastic pleural tissue, but its diagnostic utility as an immunohistochemical marker has not been thoroughly investigated in this field. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have been conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the combined use of these three nuclear markers (BAP1, EZH2 and Survivin) in discriminating pleural EM from RMH.Methods: This retrospective study includes two groups: 81 cases of pleural EM and 67 cases of RMH, retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals and Ain-Shams University Specialized Hospital during the period from January 2016 to December 2019. An immunohistochemical study was performed using BAP1, EZH2 and Survivin antibodies.Results: There were highly statistically significant relations between study groups as regards the studied markers (p = 0.001 for each). The specificity was 100% for all combinations of immunohistochemical markers. Sensitivity of any combination of the immunohistochemical markers used in this study was found to be higher than the sensitivity of any of these markers used individually. The combination of all three markers showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (95.9%) and the highest sensitivity (92.6%). However, the combination of Survivin and EZH2 yielded the same diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity.Conclusion: Adding EZH2, Survivin and BAP1 to the diagnostic IHC panel for differentiating pleural EM and RMH could enhance diagnostic sensitivity. Moreover, Survivin is a potentially promising marker in this context, especially when combined with EZH2.

scholarly journals Interleukin-15 as a Biomarker Candidate of Rheumatoid Arthritis Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Weronika Kurowska ◽  
Malgorzata Przygodzka ◽  
Michal Jakubaszek ◽  
Brygida Kwiatkowska ◽  
Wlodzimierz Maslinski
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Undifferentiated Arthritis ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis Development ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Interleukin 15 ◽  
Citrullinated Peptide ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Peptide Antibodies

There is a need for definite diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at its earliest stages of development in order to introduce early and effective treatment. Here we assessed whether serum interleukin-15 (IL-15) can serve as a new biomarker of RA development in patients with undifferentiated arthritis (UA). Interleukin-15, IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP Abs) were measured in UA patients at inclusion. Six months later, the diagnosis was re-evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed. We found that at the UA stage, IL-15 was more prevalent in patients who progressed to RA than RF or anti-CCP Abs (83.3% vs. 61.1% and 66.7%, respectively). Interleukin-15 showed higher sensitivity (77.8%) than both autoantibodies and higher specificity (80.9%) than anti-CCP Abs in identification of UA patients who developed RA. The diagnostic utility of IL-15 was comparable to that of RF (AUC: 0.814 vs. 0.750, p > 0.05), but higher than that of anti-CCP Abs (AUC: 0.814 vs. 0.684, p = 0.04). The combined use of IL-15, RF and anti-CCP Abs yielded higher diagnostic accuracy for RA than autoantibodies determination only. Our results indicate that IL-15 can be used as a biomarker of RA development in patients with UA.

scholarly journals Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Insulin Resistance: Preclinical Studies in an Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Cezary Pawlukianiec ◽  
Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska ◽  
Jerzy Robert Ładny ◽  
Anna Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Model Assessment

Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition of impaired tissue response to insulin. Although there are many methods to diagnose IR, new biomarkers are still being sought for early and noninvasive diagnosis of the disease. Of particular interest in laboratory diagnostics is saliva collected in a stress-free, noninvasive, and straightforward manner. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of salivary redox biomarkers in preclinical studies in an animal model. The study was conducted on 20 male Wistar rats divided into two equal groups: a standard diet and a high-fat diet (HFD). In all rats fed the HFD, IR was confirmed by an elevated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index. We have shown that IR is responsible for the depletion of the enzymatic (↓superoxide dismutase) and nonenzymatic (↓ascorbic acid, ↓reduced glutathione (GSH)) antioxidant barrier at both the central (serum/plasma) and salivary gland (saliva) levels. In IR rats, we also demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of protein/lipid oxidation (↑protein carbonyls, ↑4-hydroxynoneal (4-HNE)), glycation (↑advanced glycation end products), and nitration (↑3-nitrotyrosine) products in both saliva and blood plasma. Salivary nonenzymatic antioxidants and oxidative stress products generally correlate with their blood levels, while GSH and 4-HNE have the highest correlation coefficient. Salivary GSH and 4-HNE correlate with body weight and BMI and indices of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) and proinflammatory adipokines (leptin, resistin, TNF-α). These biomarkers differentiate IR from healthy controls with very high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%). The high diagnostic utility of salivary GSH and 4-HNE is also confirmed by multivariate regression analysis. Summarizing, saliva can be used to assess the systemic antioxidant status and the intensity of systemic oxidative stress. Salivary GSH and 4-HNE may be potential biomarkers of IR progression. There is a need for human clinical trials to evaluate the diagnostic utility of salivary redox biomarkers in IR conditions.

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