Decline in the acute insulin response in relationship to plasma glucose concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. e2953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Heinitz ◽  
Paolo Piaggi ◽  
Clifton Bogardus ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Acute Insulin Response

scholarly journals Fasting Plasma Glucose Indicates Reversibility of the Acute Insulin Response after Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Various Duration of Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liehua Liu ◽  
Siyue Yang ◽  
Jianbin Liu ◽  
Hai Li ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Intensive Insulin Therapy ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Acute Insulin Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fasting Plasma

Recovery of acute insulin response (AIR) is shown to be associated with long-term outcomes of patients with early type 2 diabetes treated with short-term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT). However, the complexity of measuring an AIR limits its utility in a real-world clinical setting. The aim of the study was to assess fasting indicators that may estimate recovery of the AIR after SIIT. We enrolled 62 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of varying disease duration who had poor glycemic control. Participants were treated with SIIT using insulin pumps to achieve near normoglycemia for 7 days. The AIR before and after the therapy were measured by intravenous glucose tolerance tests. After the therapy, AIR increased from −16.7 (−117.4, 52.4) pmol/L·min to 178.7 (31.8, 390.7) pmol/L·min (P<0.001) while hyperglycemia was alleviated; this improvement was observed in all disease duration categories. AIR was almost absent when fasting plasma glucose (FPG) > 10 mmol/L, while both AIR (R=−0.53, P<0.001) and its improvement from baseline (△AIR, R=−0.52, P<0.001) were negatively associated with FPG after SIIT when FPG < 10 mmol/L. In multivariate analyses, FPG after SIIT and baseline fasting C peptide were independent indicators of both AIR after the therapy and ∆AIR; HDL-C after the therapy also predicted AIR after the therapy. We concluded that recovery of the AIR could be obtained in T2DM patients of varying disease duration by SIIT and it could be conveniently estimated using posttreatment fasting plasma glucose and other fasting indicators.

360-OR: BETA-2 Score Is Highly Correlated with Acute Insulin Response to Intravenous Glucose: An Analysis of the Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium Trials

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 360-OR
Author(s):  
PETER A. SENIOR ◽  
MICHAEL R. RICKELS ◽  
THOMAS EGGERMAN ◽  
LEVENT BAYMAN ◽  
JULIE QIDWAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Islet Transplantation ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Acute Insulin Response ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Clinical Islet Transplantation ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Highly Correlated

Evidence for linkage between a region on chromosome 1p and the acute insulin response in Pima Indians

Diabetes ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Thompson ◽  
R. C. Janssen ◽  
V. M. Ossowski ◽  
M. Prochazka ◽  
W. C. Knowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Response ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Acute Insulin Response ◽  
Chromosome 1P

scholarly journals Effects of D-allulose on glucose tolerance and insulin response to a standard oral sucrose load: results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001939
Author(s):  
Francesco Franchi ◽  
Dmitry M Yaranov ◽  
Fabiana Rollini ◽  
Andrea Rivas ◽  
Jose Rivas Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

IntroductionCurrent dietary guidelines recommend limiting sugar intake for the prevention of diabetes mellitus (DM). Reduction in sugar intake may require sugar substitutes. Among these, D-allulose is a non-calorie rare monosaccharide with 70% sweetness of sucrose, which has shown anti-DM effects in Asian populations. However, there is limited data on the effects of D-allulose in other populations, including Westerners.Research design and methodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study conducted in 30 subjects without DM. Study participants were given a standard oral (50 g) sucrose load and randomized to placebo or escalating doses of D-allulose (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 g). Subjects crossed-over to the alternate study treatment after 7–14 days of wash out. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured at five time points: before and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after ingestion.ResultsD-allulose was associated with a dose-dependent reduction of plasma glucose at 30 min compared with placebo. In particular, glucose was significantly lower with the 7.5 g (mean difference: 11; 95% CI 3 to 19; p=0.005) and 10 g (mean difference: 12; 95% CI 4 to 20; p=0.002) doses. Although glucose was not reduced at the other time points, there was a dose-dependent reduction in glucose excursion compared with placebo, which was significant with the 10 g dose (p=0.023). Accordingly, at 30 min D-allulose was associated with a trend towards lower insulin levels compared with placebo, which was significant with the 10 g dose (mean difference: 14; 95% CI 4 to 25; p=0.006). D-allulose did not reduce insulin at any other time point, but there was a significant dose-dependent reduction in insulin excursion compared with placebo (p=0.028), which was significant with the 10 g dose (p=0.002).ConclusionsThis is the largest study assessing the effects of D-allulose in Westerners demonstrating an early dose-dependent reduction in plasma glucose and insulin levels as well as decreased postprandial glucose and insulin excursion in subjects without DM. These pilot observations set the basis for large-scale investigations to support the anti-DM effects of D-allulose.Trial registration numberNCT02714413.

Insulin and glucagon in rats with Islet cell tumors Induced by small doses of streptozofoclii

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Yoshino ◽  
Tsutomu Kazumi ◽  
Soichiro Morita ◽  
Shighaki Baba
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Islet Cell Tumors ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Plasma insulin and glucagon responses to oral glucose loading were examined in rats with islet cell tumors induced by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (30 or 40 mg/kg body weight). Twenty-four macroscopic and six microscopic tumors occurred in 21 rats. In 15 of 21 tumor-bearing rats, there was exaggerated insulin release in response to oral glucose. Plasma glucose levels did not rise with the oral glucose load and were comparable to those seen in normal animals. Hence these rats are described as having "responsive tumors." In six rats with "nonresponsive tumors" there was no insulin response and the plasma glucose levels rose. No significant differences in plasma glucagon levels were observed between the two groups. Nonresponsive tumors as well as responsive tumors contained a significant amount of extractable insulin (17.68 ± 8.60 and 35.07 ± 10.05 mg/g wet weight, respectively) and detectable amounts of immunoreactive glucagon (1.47 ± 0.61 and 2.24 ± 0.67 μg/g wet weight, respectively).These results suggest that a small dose of streptozotocin produces two types of islet cell tumors. One is insulin producing and insulin secreting whereas the other is insulin producing but not insulin secreting.

Subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 improves postprandial glycaemic control over a 3-week period in patients with early Type 2 diabetes

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie F. TODD ◽  
C. Mark B. EDWARDS ◽  
Mohammad A. GHATEI ◽  
Hugh M. MATHER ◽  
Stephen R. BLOOM
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
First Phase Insulin Response

1.Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) is released into the circulation after meals and is the most potent physiological insulinotropic hormone in man. GLP-1 has the advantages over other therapeutic agents for Type 2 diabetes of also suppressing glucagon secretion and delaying gastric emptying. One of the initial abnormalities of Type 2 diabetes is the loss of the first-phase insulin response, leading to postprandial hyperglycaemia. 2.To investigate the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 in Type 2 diabetes, six patients were entered into a 6-week, double-blind crossover trial during which each received 3 weeks treatment with subcutaneous GLP-1 or saline, self-administered three times a day immediately before meals. A standard test meal was given at the beginning and end of each treatment period. 3.GLP-1 reduced plasma glucose area under the curve (AUC) after the standard test meal by 58% (AUC, 0–240 ;min: GLP-1 start of treatment, 196±141 ;mmol·min-1·l-1; saline start of treatment, 469±124 ;mmol·min-1·l-1; F = 16.4, P< 0.05). The plasma insulin excursions were significantly higher with GLP-1 compared with saline over the initial postprandial 30 ;min, the time period during which the GLP-1 concentration was considerably elevated. The plasma glucagon levels were significantly lower over the 240-min postprandial period with GLP-1 treatment. The beneficial effects of GLP-1 on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations were fully maintained for the 3-week treatment period. 4.We have demonstrated a significant improvement in postprandial glycaemic control with subcutaneous GLP-1 treatment. GLP-1 improves glycaemic control partially by restoring the first-phase insulin response and suppressing glucagon and is a potential treatment for Type 2 diabetes.

A Physical Map at 1p31 Encompassing the Acute Insulin Response Locus and the Leptin Receptor

Genomics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Bruce Thompson ◽  
Jeff Sutherland ◽  
Warren Apel ◽  
Victoria Ossowski
Keyword(s):  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Acute Insulin Response
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