Both total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin are independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome: results from Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiange Zhang ◽  
Xianghua Huang ◽  
Ming Liao ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Aihua Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Male Health ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract P066: Cortisol/Testosterone and Cortisol/ Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Ratios With Metabolic Syndrome in Women

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Mi Lee ◽  
Laura Colangelo ◽  
Joseph E Schwartz ◽  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
David S Siscovick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Race Model ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Contraceptive Usage

Introduction: The ability to study chronic stress in humans is complicated due to measurement error of questionnaires and the inability of short-term measures of stress hormones to reflect the chronic state. Therefore considerable controversy remains about whether chronic stress influences cardiovascular disease or not. The cortisol/testosterone (C/T) ratio was suggested to be a better predictor of heart disease in men than cortisol alone, as gonadotropin and cortisol are derived from the same biochemical precursor. This ratio has never been studied with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a U.S. epidemiologic study, especially in women. Study question: Are C/T and C/sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) ratio associated with MetS in women? Methods: In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 367 women (age range 32 to 51, mean age 40 years old) who had both cortisol from year (Y) 15 and sex hormones from serum specimen Y16 measured are included. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) from Y15, 20, 25 were assessed. Due to the instability and diurnal characteristics of cortisol, area under the curve (AUC) of six samples and slope of 1st (or 3rd) and 6th (or 5th when 6th is not available) sample of salivary cortisol collected over one day were calculated. Ratios of AUC and of slope of cortisol to total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were computed: AUC/TT, AUC/FT, AUC/SHBG, Slope/TT, Slope/FT, and Slope/SHBG. The associations of these variables categorized into tertiles with MetS were assessed cross-sectionally by logistic regression analysis. Model I controlled for age and race. Model II controlled for model I variables plus menopause, oral contraceptive usage, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. Results: MetS was present in 53, 69, and 74 participants at Y15, Y20, and Y25, respectively. The highest tertile of AUC/SHBG ratio was associated with Y15, Y20, and Y25 MetS prevalence in model I (OR 2.17, 3.77, 2.65, 95% CI 1.02-4.61, 1.64-8.44, 1.75-9.20, respectively). This association was slightly stronger in model II (OR 3.72, 4.76, 3.26, 95% CI 1.49-9.30, 2.00-11.34, 1.55-6.85, respectively). The highest tertile of slope/FT ratio was associated with Y20 and Y25 MetS prevalence in model I (OR 2.10, 1.68, 95% CI 1.03-4.26, 0.86-3.31 respectively). This association was slightly stronger in model II (OR 2.32, 2.13, 95% CI 1.09-4.95, 1.03-4.41 respectively). Conclusions: Findings suggest that some indicators of chronic stress are cross-sectionally associated with MetS in women.

Total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin are associated with metabolic syndrome independent of age and body mass index in Korean men

Maturitas ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doohee Hong ◽  
Young-Sang Kim ◽  
Eun Soo Son ◽  
Kyu-Nam Kim ◽  
Bom-Taeck Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding

scholarly journals Lower sex hormone-binding globulin is more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than lower total testosterone in older men: the Health in Men Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Paul Chubb ◽  
Zoë Hyde ◽  
Osvaldo P Almeida ◽  
Leon Flicker ◽  
Paul E Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundReduced circulating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are implicated as risk factors for metabolic syndrome. As SHBG increases with age while testosterone declines, we examined the relative contributions of SHBG and testosterone to the risk of metabolic syndrome in older men.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 2502 community-dwelling men aged ≥70 years without known diabetes. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Early morning fasting sera were assayed for total testosterone, SHBG and LH. Free testosterone was calculated using mass action equations.ResultsThere were 602 men with metabolic syndrome (24.1%). The risk of metabolic syndrome increased for total testosterone <20 nmol/l, SHBG <50 nmol/l and free testosterone <300 pmol/l. In univariate analyses SHBG was associated with all five components of metabolic syndrome, total testosterone was associated with all except hypertension, and free testosterone was associated only with waist circumference and triglycerides. In multivariate analysis, both total testosterone and especially SHBG remained associated with metabolic syndrome, with odds ratios of 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–1.52) and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.53–2.06) respectively. Men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (total testosterone <8 nmol/l, LH ≤12 IU/l) had the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (53%,P<0.001).ConclusionsLower SHBG is more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than lower total testosterone in community-dwelling older men. SHBG may be the primary driver of these relationships, possibly reflecting its relationship with insulin sensitivity. Further studies should examine whether measures that raise SHBG protect against the development of metabolic syndrome in older men.

scholarly journals Higher Serum Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin Levels Are Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 6301-6315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabin Gyawali ◽  
Sean A Martin ◽  
Leonie K Heilbronn ◽  
Andrew D Vincent ◽  
Alicia J Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Context Sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, prospective data on the association between SHBG levels and CVD events are sparse, with conflicting results. Objectives To examine associations between serum SHBG, total testosterone (TT), and incident CVD and CVD-related mortality in middle-aged to elderly men. Design and Methods Data on 2563 community-dwelling men (35 to 80 years) were obtained from participants in the Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress cohort. The analytic sample included 1492 men without baseline (2002 to 2007) CVD and with fasted morning serum SHBG and TT available at both baseline and follow-up (2007 to 2010) and without medications affecting TT or SHBG. Associations of baseline SHBG and TT, with incident CVD and CVD mortality, were analyzed using logistic regression for incident CVD and Cox proportional hazard regression for CVD mortality, adjusting for established CVD risk factors. Results In multivariable models, elevated baseline SHBG and lower baseline TT were independently associated with incident CVD (SHBG: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.06 per SD increase in SHBG, P = 0.003; TT: OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.97 per SD decrease in TT; P = 0.03). A decrease in TT between time points was associated with incident CVD (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.92; P = 0.01). Neither SHBG nor TT was significantly associated with all-age CVD mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 0.69; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.63; P = 0.40; and HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.26; P = 0.18, respectively]. Conclusions Among all men and men >65 years, elevated SHBG and lower TT were independently associated with both a greater risk of CVD and an increased CVD mortality risk.

scholarly journals Association between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and metabolic syndrome among men

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuela Quental Callou de Sá ◽  
Francisco Carleial Feijó de Sá ◽  
Kelly Cristina Oliveira ◽  
Fausto Feres ◽  
Ieda Therezinha Nascimento Verreschi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Increased Risk

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome consists of a set of factors that imply increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The objective here was to evaluate the association between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), sex hormones and metabolic syndrome among men. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis on data from the study "Endogenous oestradiol but not testosterone is related to coronary artery disease in men", conducted in a hospital in São Paulo. METHODS: Men (aged 40-70) who underwent coronary angiography were selected. The age, weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index and prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes of each patient were registered. Metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance with the criteria of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP-ATPIII). Serum samples were collected to assess the levels of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (high density lipoprotein), triglycerides, albumin, SHBG, estradiol and total testosterone (TT). The levels of LDL-cholesterol (low density lipoprotein) were calculated using Friedewald's formula and free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) using Vermeulen's formula. RESULTS: 141 patients were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the first SHBG tercile than in the second and third terciles. A statistically significant positive association between the SHBG and TT values was observed, but no such association was seen between SHBG, BT and FT. CONCLUSION: Low serum levels of SHBG are associated with higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among male patients, but further studies are required to confirm this association.

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