Self-reported lower respiratory tract infections and development of islet autoimmunity in children with the type 1 diabetes high-risk HLA genotype: the MIDIA study

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 834-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Rasmussen ◽  
Elisabet Witsø ◽  
German Tapia ◽  
Lars C. Stene ◽  
Kjersti S. Rønningen
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hla Genotype

scholarly journals Hyperimmune globulins in prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections.

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
V G Hemming ◽  
G A Prince ◽  
J R Groothuis ◽  
G R Siber
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important community and nosocomial respiratory pathogen for infants and young children. RSV causes especially severe disease in the prematurely born or those with chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. Elderly persons and those with T-cell deficiencies, such as bone marrow transplant recipients, are also at high risk for serious lower respiratory tract infections. To date, prevention of RSV infections by vaccination has proven elusive and no preventive drugs exist. Studies in animals and humans have shown that the lower respiratory tract can be protected from RSV infection by sufficient circulating RSV neutralizing antibody levels. Recently, an RSV hyperimmune immune globulin (RSVIG) was developed and tested for the prevention of RSV infections or reduction of disease severity. Passive immunization of high-risk children with RSVIG during the respiratory disease season effected significant reductions in RSV infections, hospitalizations, days of hospitalization, intensive care unit admissions, days in the intensive care unit, and ribavirin use. Studies in cotton rats and owl monkeys show that RSV infections can also be treated with inhalation of immune globulin at doses substantially smaller than required for parenteral treatment. Therapeutic trials of parenteral RSVIG have been completed and are pending analysis. The use of polyclonal, hyperimmune globulins and perhaps human monoclonal antibodies provides an additional approach to the prevention and perhaps the treatment of certain viral lower respiratory tract infections such as those caused by RSV.

Treatment and Prevention of RSV Bronchiolitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Karen D. Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in high-risk individuals. The pediatric populations at high risk for severe RSV infections include patients with cardiac disease, lung disease, immunosuppression, premature birth or healthy infants less than six months of age. Supportive care is the primary treatment of RSV lower respiratory tract infections. Other treatment regimens include the use of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents; however, the use of these agents is controversial due to lack of evidence of efficacy in all studies. Ribavirin, an antiviral agent, has been administered for the treatment of RSV lower respiratory tract infections, but its efficacy has been questioned due to flawed study designs. RSV-IVIG and palivizumab are approved for the prevention of RSV infection in selected children at high risk for serious disease. These agents are equally efficacious and expensive; however, the cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis is unclear. Currently, no vaccines for RSV are available for general use, but research in the area continues. Until a safe, effective and relatively inexpensive method for prophylaxis is available, RSV infections will continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in children.

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