Delayed development of conditioned heart rate responses to auditory stimuli in the rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Richardson ◽  
Peiyin Wang ◽  
Byron A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Delayed Development ◽  
Conditioned Heart Rate

The discriminative control of a conditioned heart rate response.

1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Bersh ◽  
Joseph M. Notterman ◽  
William N. Schoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Discriminative Control ◽  
Conditioned Heart Rate

Neurocirculatory consequences of abrupt change in sleep state in humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1627-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Morgan ◽  
D. C. Crabtree ◽  
D. S. Puleo ◽  
M. S. Badr ◽  
F. Toiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Pressor Responses

The arterial pressure elevations that accompany sleep apneas may be caused by chemoreflex stimulation, negative intrathoracic pressure, and/or arousal. To assess the neurocirculatory effects of arousal alone, we applied graded auditory stimuli during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep in eight healthy humans. We measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (intraneural microelectrodes), electroencephalogram (EEG; C4/A1 and O1/A2), arterial pressure (photoelectric plethysmography), heart rate (electrocardiogram), and stroke volume (impedance cardiography). Auditory stimuli caused abrupt increases in systolic and diastolic pressures (21 +/- 2 and 15 +/- 1 mmHg) and heart rate (11 +/- 2 beats/min). Cardiac output decreased (-10%). Stimuli that produced EEG evidence of arousal evoked one to two large bursts of sympathetic activity (316 +/- 46% of baseline amplitude). Stimuli that did not alter EEG frequency produced smaller but consistent pressor responses even though no sympathetic activation was observed. We conclude that arousal from NREM sleep evokes a pressor response caused by increased peripheral vascular resistance. Increased sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle may contribute to, but is not required for, this vasoconstriction. The neurocirculatory effects of arousal may augment those caused by asphyxia during episodes of sleep-disordered breathing.

Expression in paradoxical sleep of a conditioned heart rate response

Neuroreport ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3381-3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Maho ◽  
Elizabeth Hennevin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Conditioned Heart Rate

Summation of baroreflex and classically conditioned heart rate responses in dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Thompson ◽  
J. Yavorsky ◽  
B.H. Natelson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Conditioned Heart Rate ◽  
Classically Conditioned

Information Variables in Voluntary Control and Classical Conditioning of Heart Rate: Field Dependence and Heart-Rate Perception

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dale ◽  
David Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Voluntary Control ◽  
Heart Rate Control ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Conditioned Heart Rate ◽  
Classically Conditioned

Two experiments focused on two information variables relevant to changes in heart rate, field dependence and the ability to perceive one's own heart rate. In Exp. I, 14 field-independent and 17 field-dependent subjects completed a heart-rate perception and a voluntary heart-rate control task. The anticipated superiority in heart-rate control by field-independent subjects was detected although no evidence was found for a relationship between the amount of biofeedback available in the situation and voluntary control of the cardiovascular system. Exp. II involved 9 field-independent and 8 field-dependent subjects in a classical conditioning paradigm involving shock sensitivity. In contrast with Exp. I, in this phase of the study heart-rate increases were correlated with the ability of the subject to discriminate heart beats, especially for the field-independent group. It was concluded that field dependence and heart-rate perception are related to classically conditioned heart-rate increase for some subjects and further that field dependence may be a potent variable operating in those situations involving the voluntary control of heart rate without exteroceptive feedback.

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