The effects of early weaning on Pavlovian fear conditioning in young rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malaz Kreiker ◽  
Katelyn Perez ◽  
Kevin L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Young Rats

The evaluation of Teucrium persicum methanolic extract and its fractions in Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Monsef Esfahani ◽  
M Sharifzadeh ◽  
M Moattari ◽  
A Miri ◽  
E Nasireslami
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

A cAMP analog reverses contextual and tone memory deficits induced by a PKA inhibitor in Pavlovian fear conditioning

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Nassireslami ◽  
Parmida Nikbin ◽  
Borna Payandemehr ◽  
Elham Amini ◽  
Mojdeh Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Camp Analog

scholarly journals Secondary extinction in Pavlovian fear conditioning

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drina Vurbic ◽  
Mark E. Bouton
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Secondary Extinction

scholarly journals Nucleus reuniens is required for encoding and retrieving precise, hippocampal-dependent contextual fear memories in rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik R. Ramanathan ◽  
Reed L. Ressler ◽  
Jingji Jin ◽  
Stephen Maren
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Contextual Memory ◽  
Nucleus Reuniens ◽  
Contextual Fear

AbstractThe nucleus reuniens (RE) is a ventral midline thalamic nucleus that interconnects the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC). Considerable data indicate that HPC-mPFC circuits are involved in contextual and spatial memory; however, it is not clear whether the RE mediates the acquisition or retrieval of these memories. To examine this question, we inactivated the RE with muscimol before either the acquisition or retrieval of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats; freezing served as the index of fear. We found that RE inactivation before conditioning impaired the acquisition of contextual freezing, whereas inactivation of the RE prior to retrieval testing increased the generalization of freezing to a novel context; inactivation of the RE did not affect either the acquisition or expression of auditory fear conditioning. Interestingly, contextual conditioning impairments were absent when retrieval testing was also conducted after RE inactivation. Contextual memories acquired under RE inactivation were hippocampal-independent, insofar as contextual freezing in rats conditioned under RE inactivation was insensitive to intra-hippocampal infusions of the NMDA receptor antagonist, D,L-amino-5-phosophonovaleric acid (APV). Together, these data reveal that the RE supports hippocampal-dependent encoding of precise contextual memories that allow discrimination of dangerous from safe contexts. When the RE is inactive, however, alternate neural systems acquire an impoverished contextual memory that is only expressed when the RE is offline.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe midline thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) coordinates communication between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, brain areas critical for contextual and spatial memory. Here we show that temporary pharmacological inactivation of RE impairs the acquisition and precision of contextual fear memories after Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. However, inactivating the RE prior to retrieval testing restored contextual memory in rats conditioned after RE inactivation. Critically, we show that imprecise contextual memories acquired under RE inactivation are learned independently of the hippocampus. These data reveal that the RE is required for hippocampal-dependent encoding of precise contextual memories to support the discrimination of safe and dangerous contexts.

Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

2015 ◽  
pp. 1237-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan G. Anagnostaras ◽  
Jennifer R. Sage ◽  
Stephanie A. Carmack
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

scholarly journals Slow Late Component in Conditioned Stimulus-Evoked Potentials From the Amygdala After Fear Conditioning in the Rat

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. J. Knippenberg ◽  
E. L. J. M. van Luijtelaar ◽  
J. H. R. Maes
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Late Component ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lateral Nucleus

Male Wistar rats were subjected to a differential Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure in which one of two tones (6 or 10 kHz) was followed by an electric shock (CS+) and the other was not (CS-). Before and after fear conditioning, we recorded the evoked potentials elicited byCS+andCS-from electrodes aimed at the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Before conditioning, a slow, negative component with peak amplitude around 150 ms was present in the evoked potentials. This component was sensitive to habituation. After fear conditioning, bothCS+andCS-elicited the same late component, albeit with a larger amplitude. This enhancement was temporary: decreasing amplitude was observed in the course of CS test presentations under extinction. Prior research revealed a comparable slow component in the amygdala of the cat under similar experimental conditions. The collective results indicate that the large late component in the amygdala is enhanced by fear conditioning, suggesting that such enhancement reflects the anticipation of a biologically significant event.

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