Are there sex differences in the development of prefrontal function during early childhood?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuko Shinohara ◽  
Yusuke Moriguchi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Prefrontal Function

Sex differences in aggression: What does evolutionary theory predict?

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 273-274
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cashdan
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Spousal Abuse ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Target Article

AbstractThe target article claims that evolutionary theory predicts the emergence of sex differences in aggression in early childhood, and that there will be no sex difference in anger. It also finds an absence of sex differences in spousal abuse in Western societies. All three are puzzling from an evolutionary perspective and warrant further discussion.

Morbidity in early Childhood, Sex Differences, Birth Order and Social Class

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wil Jhm van den Bosch ◽  
Frans JA Huygen ◽  
Henk JM van den Hoogen ◽  
Chris van Weel
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Birth Order

Sex Differences in the Incidence of Neonatal Abnormalities and Abnormal Performance in Early Childhood

1968 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith E. Singer ◽  
Milton Westphal ◽  
Kenneth R. Niswander
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Abnormal Performance

Mothers, fathers, sons, and daughters: Are there sex differences in the organization of secure base behavior during early childhood

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
Manuela Veríssimo ◽  
Ligia Monteiro ◽  
Marta Antunes ◽  
Brian E. Vaughn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Secure Base

Parenting, anger, and effortful control as predictors of child externalizing behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Smith ◽  
Kimberly L. Day
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Child Characteristics ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Child Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

Externalizing behaviors observed in early childhood have been found to be stable, particularly for boys, but little research has investigated the antecedents of these behaviors, especially how the antecedents may differentially relate to externalizing behaviors in boys and girls. The goal of this study was to explore predictors of externalizing behaviors concurrently in toddlerhood and longitudinally to preschool. When children ( n = 140) were 30–36 months old, maternal supportive and controlling behaviors were observed, and children’s effortful control and anger were measured through observations and maternal report. Mothers reported on children’s externalizing behavior during toddlerhood and approximately 2 years later ( n = 116). Although mean level differences were not found between boys and girls, effortful control was differentially related to externalizing behaviors in toddlerhood. Higher levels of effortful control were associated with less externalizing behaviors for boys but not for girls. Additionally, anger was positively related to externalizing behaviors. Few associations were found for maternal behaviors, which emphasizes the importance of child characteristics in externalizing behaviors. Our findings emphasize how future research should continue to examine relations of early antecedents to concurrent and later externalizing behaviors even if mean level sex differences are not found.

Does sexual selection explain why human aggression peaks in early childhood?

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Behme
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Human Aggression ◽  
Better Than

AbstractArcher provides seemingly compelling evidence for his claim that sexual selection explains sex differences in human aggression better than social role theory. I challenge Archer's interpretation of some of this evidence. I argue that the same evidence could be used to support the claim that what has been selected for is theability to curbaggression and discuss implications for Archer's theory.

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