scholarly journals Gonadectomy before puberty increases the number of neurons and glia in the medial prefrontal cortex of female, but not male, rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Koss ◽  
Madeline M. Lloyd ◽  
Renee N. Sadowski ◽  
Leslie M. Wise ◽  
Janice M. Juraska
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Male Rats

scholarly journals Acute Psychological Stress Modulates the Expression of Enzymes Involved in the Kynurenine Pathway throughout Corticolimbic Circuits in Adult Male Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley A. Vecchiarelli ◽  
Chaitanya P. Gandhi ◽  
Matthew N. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Quinolinic Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Acute Psychological Stress

Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid that is necessary for protein synthesis, but also serves as the precursor for serotonin. However, in addition to these biological functions, tryptophan also serves as a precursor for the kynurenine pathway, which has neurotoxic (quinolinic acid) and neuroprotective (kynurenic acid) metabolites. Glucocorticoid hormones and inflammatory mediators, both of which are increased by stress, have been shown to bias tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway and away from serotonin synthesis; however, to date, there is no published data regarding the effects of stress on enzymes regulating the kynurenine pathway in a regional manner throughout the brain. Herein, we examined the effects of an acute psychological stress (120 min restraint) on gene expression patterns of enzymes along the kynurenine pathway over a protracted time-course (1–24 h post-stress termination) within the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex. Time-dependent changes in differential enzymes along the kynurenine metabolism pathway, particularly those involved in the production of quinolinic acid, were found within the amygdala, hypothalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex, with no changes seen in the hippocampus. These regional differences acutely may provide mechanistic insight into processes that become dysregulated chronically in stress-associated disorders.

scholarly journals Oxytocin in the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex reduces anxiety-like behavior in female and male rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Sabihi ◽  
Nicole E. Durosko ◽  
Shirley M. Dong ◽  
Benedetta Leuner
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Male Rats

scholarly journals Tualang Honey prevents neuronal damage in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) through enhancement of cholinergic system in male rats following exposure to normobaric hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Entesar Yaseen Abdo Qaid ◽  
Rahimah Zakaria ◽  
Nurul Aiman Mohd Yusof ◽  
Shaida Fariza Sulaiman ◽  
Nazlahshaniza Shafin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Tualang Honey

Background: Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is considered to be involved in human cognition to mPFCin terms of learning and memory. Hypoxia is one of the crucial factors causing secondary damage incerebral hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. However, the underlying mechanisms and possibletherapeutic approach to prevent neuronal damage has not been attempted yet. Therefore, the present studyaimed to investigate the role of Tualang honey on medial prefrontal cortical neuronal morphology andcholinergic markers such as acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) following exposure to normobaric hypoxia in rats. Material and methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were dividedinto four groups: (i) sucrose treated non-hypoxia, (ii) sucrose treated hypoxia, (iii) Tualang honeytreated non-hypoxia and (iv)Tualang honey treated hypoxia. Rats received sucrose (1 mL of 7.9%) andTualang honey (0.2 g/kg), respectively, for 2 weeks prior to hypoxia exposure. Morphological study wasperformed by using Nissl staining and cholinergic markers were estimated by ELISA technique. Resultsand discussion: Sucrose treated hypoxia group showed significantly lower mean ACh and higher meanAChE concentrations (P<0.05) compared to sucrose and honey treated non-hypoxia groups. Interestingly,mean ACh concentration was significantly increased and mean AChE concentration was significantlydecreased in Tualang honey treated hypoxic rats compared to sucrose treated hypoxic rats. Morphologicaldata showed that hypoxia caused neuronal damage in mPFC in sucrose treated hypoxia group whereasTualang honey treated hypoxia group significantly prevent neuronal damage. Conclusion: Tualang honeyprotects hypoxia-induced mPFC neuronal damage through improvement of the brain cholinergic markersin male rats exposed to normobaric hypoxia. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.122-129

scholarly journals Alcohol-pentazocine combination: implication on the cytoarchitectural profile of the medial prefrontal cortex and cerebellum of juvenile male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1080-1091
Author(s):  
D.A. Adekomi ◽  
O.S. Adewole ◽  
B.J. Dare ◽  
O.O. Olaniyan ◽  
R.M. Ojebisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
Group D

Recently, Pentazocine and alcohol have become one of the drugs abused in the developing countries. However, there is the dearth of information on the effects of these substances on the cytological profile of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and cerebellar cortex; hence this study was aimed at evaluating the effect of these substances on the cytoarchitectural profile of the mPFC and cerebellar cortex of juvenile male rats. Twenty-four juvenile male rats were used for this study. They were randomly assigned to control (A), Alcohol-treated (B), Pentazocine-treated (C), and Pentazocine-Alcohol-treated group (D). Exposure to the various treatment paradigm was done s.c. twice daily (6hrs interval) for 14 days. It was observed that the cytological profile of the mPFC of the rats in the control groups was visible and well defined. In the B, C and D groups, there were numerous forms of neurodegeneration. There was also an increase in the density of astrocytes with the presence of glial scars. Furthermore, features of degenerative changes were also seen in the cerebellar cortex of the rats in the B, C, and D groups. It was observed from this study that exposure to Pentazocine-Alcohol combination triggers inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in the cytoarchitectural profile of the mPFC and cerebellar cortex in juvenile male rats. These features could impair the functional integrity associated with these brain regions.Keywords: addiction, substance abuse, opioid, male, young

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