Air stepping in response to optic flows that move Toward and Away from the neonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Barbu-Roth ◽  
David I. Anderson ◽  
Adeline Desprès ◽  
Ryan J. Streeter ◽  
Dominique Cabrol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flows

scholarly journals Stereoscopic advantages for vection induced by radial, circular, and spiral optic flows

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Palmisano ◽  
Stephanie Summersby ◽  
Rodney G. Davies ◽  
Juno Kim
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flows

scholarly journals Pupil responses associated with the perception of gravitational vertical under directional optic flows

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Hyun Park ◽  
Sung Ik Cho ◽  
June Choi ◽  
JungHyun Han ◽  
Yoon Chan Rah
Keyword(s):  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Gravity Perception ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Rotational Flows ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Optic Flows ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gravitational Vertical ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractThis study assessed the pupil responses in the sensory integration of various directional optic flows during the perception of gravitational vertical. A total of 30 healthy participants were enrolled with normal responses to conventional subjective visual vertical (SVV) which was determined by measuring the difference (error angles) between the luminous line adjusted by the participants and the true vertical. SVV was performed under various types of rotational (5°/s, 10°/s, and 50°/s) and straight (5°/s and 10°/s) optic flows presented via a head-mounted display. Error angles (°) of the SVV and changes in pupil diameters (mm) were measured to evaluate the changes in the visually assessed subjective verticality and related cognitive demands. Significantly larger error angles were measured under rotational optic flows than under straight flows (p < 0.001). The error angles also significantly increased as the velocity of the rotational optic flow increased. The pupil diameter increased after starting the test, demonstrating the largest diameter during the final fine-tuning around the vertical. Significantly larger pupil changes were identified under rotational flows than in straight flows. Pupil changes were significantly correlated with error angles and the visual analog scale representing subjective difficulties during each test. These results suggest increased pupil changes for integrating more challenging visual sensory inputs in the process of gravity perception.

Spectrally similar periodic and non-periodic optic flows evoke different postural sway responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Musolino ◽  
Patrick J. Loughlin ◽  
Patrick J. Sparto ◽  
Mark S. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Optic Flows

scholarly journals Can Optic Flow Further Stimulate Treadmill-Elicited Stepping in Newborns?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Barbu-Roth ◽  
Kim Siekerman ◽  
David I. Anderson ◽  
Alan Donnelly ◽  
Viviane Huet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Congruent Condition ◽  
Forward Motion ◽  
Optic Flows ◽  
Treadmill Belt ◽  
Random Control

Typically developing 3-day-old newborns take significantly more forward steps on a moving treadmill belt than on a static belt. The current experiment examined whether projecting optic flows that specified forward motion onto the moving treadmill surface (black dots moving on the white treadmill surface) would further enhance forward stepping. Twenty newborns were supported on a moving treadmill without optic flow (No OF), with optic flow matching the treadmill’s direction and speed (Congruent), with optic flow in the same direction but at a faster speed (Faster), and in a control condition with an incoherent optic flow moving at the same speed as in the Congruent condition but in random directions (Random). The results revealed no significant differences in the number or coordination of forward treadmill steps taken in each condition. However, the Faster condition generated significantly fewer leg pumping movements than the Random control condition. When highly aroused, newborns made significantly fewer single steps and significantly more parallel steps and pumping movements. We speculate the null findings may be a function of the high friction material that covered the treadmill surface.

Effect of optic flows on newborn crawling

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Forma ◽  
David I. Anderson ◽  
François Goffinet ◽  
Marianne Barbu-Roth
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flows

Cell Responsiveness in Macaque Superior Temporal Polysensory Area Measured by Temporal Discriminants

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2067-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Turner ◽  
K. C. Anderson ◽  
R. M. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Optic Flows

The firing-rate data from 341 cells from two macaques' superion temporal polysensory area (STPa) were subjected to three different analyses to determine the temporal firing-rate patterns in response to visual optic flow patterns. The data were collected while the monkey viewed four types of optic flow and responded to the change in the display. The mean firing rate (MFR) analysis considered the mean change in firing rate for 500 ms after stimulus onset; the discriminant (DIS) analysis and the principal components (PCA+DIS) analysis considered the change in time-binned firing rate over 1000 ms after stimulus presentation, using bin sizes of 30 to 500 ms. The DIS analysis used a step-down discriminant analysis to find temporal windows in which the cell's firing rate could discriminate among the stimuli; the PCA+DIS analysis extracted the principal components of the cell's firing rates without regard for the stimulus type and then applied a step-down discriminant analysis to the PCA scores to determine whether any of the principal components could discriminate among the stimuli. The two temporal analyses found cells sensitive to the optic flows that the MFR analysis missed. A small proportion of cells showed multiple selectivities under the temporal analyses. Thus, the temporal analyses give a more complete representation of the information encoded by the firing properties of STPa neurons. Finally, this approach incorporates temporal approaches with classical statistical techniques in order to select tuned neurons from a population in an unbiased manner.

Steering behaviour can be modulated by different optic flows during walking

2008 ◽  
Vol 436 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Sarre ◽  
Jessica Berard ◽  
Joyce Fung ◽  
Anouk Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flows

Perceptual Awareness of Optic Flows Paced Optimally and Non-optimally to Walking Speed

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 797-818
Author(s):  
Paweł Motyka ◽  
Zuzanna Kozłowska ◽  
Piotr Litwin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Perceptual Awareness ◽  
Flow Speeds ◽  
Motion Speed ◽  
Optic Flows ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Self Motion

Previous research suggests that visual processing depends strongly on locomotor activity and is tuned to optic flows consistent with self-motion speed. Here, we used a binocular rivalry paradigm to investigate whether perceptual access to optic flows depends on their optimality in relation to walking velocity. Participants walked at two different speeds on a treadmill while viewing discrepant visualizations of a virtual tunnel in each eye. We hypothesized that visualizations paced appropriately to the walking speeds will be perceived longer than non optimal (too fast/slow) ones. The presented optic flow speeds were predetermined individually in a task based on matching visual speed to both walking velocities. In addition, perceptual preference for optimal optic flows was expected to increase with proprioceptive ability to detect threshold-level changes in walking speed. Whereas faster (more familiar) optic flows showed enhanced access to awareness during faster compared with slower walking conditions, for slower visual flows, only a nonsignificant tendency for the analogous effect was observed. These effects were not dependent on individual proprioceptive sensitivity. Our findings concur with the emerging view that the velocity of one’s locomotion is used to calibrate visual perception of self-motion and extend the scope of reported action effects on visual awareness.

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