The impact of stimulus type and early motherhood on attentional processing

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Purhonen ◽  
Minna Valkonen-Korhonen ◽  
Johannes Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Do elite breath-hold divers suffer from mild short-term memory impairments?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Billaut ◽  
Patrice Gueit ◽  
Sylvane Faure ◽  
Guillaume Costalat ◽  
Frédéric Lemaître
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
The Impact

Repeated apneas are associated with severe hypoxemia that may ultimately lead to loss of consciousness in some breath-hold divers. Despite increasing number of practitioners, the relationship between apnea-induced hypoxia and neurocognitive functions is still poorly understood in the sport of free diving. To shed light onto this phenomenon, we examined the impact of long-term breath-hold diving training on attentional processing, short-term memory, and long-term mnesic and executive functions. Thirty-six men matched for age, height, and weight were separated into the following 3 groups: (i) 12 elite breath-hold divers (EBHD), mean static apnea best time 371 s, 105 months mean apnea experience; (ii) 12 novice breath-hold divers, mean best time 243 s, 8.75 months mean apnea experience; and (iii) 12 physical education students with no breath-hold diving experience; all of these participants performed varied written and computerized neuropsychological tasks. Compared with the 2 other groups, the EBHD group was slower to complete the interference card during a Stroop test (F[1,33] = 4.70, p < 0.05), and presented more errors on the interference card (F[1,33] = 2.96, p < 0.05) and a lower total interference score (F[1,33] = 5.64, p < 0.05). The time to complete the interference card test was positively correlated with maximal static apnea duration (r = 0.73, p < 0.05) and the number of years of breath-hold diving training (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that breath-hold diving training over several years may cause mild, but persistent, short-term memory impairments.

scholarly journals The effect of comorbid anxiety in youth with ADHD: an ERP analysis of attentional control and impulse control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna F. Klymkiw
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Youth With Adhd

Differences in attentional and impulse control may underlie the increased impairment associated with youth with ADHD and comorbid anxiety (ADHD+ANX) compared to youth with ADHD without anxiety; however, findings from studies using behavioural and self-report measures have been mixed. This study addressed this issue by exploring the impact of the addition of anxiety on attentional and impulse control at a neural level, using event-related potentials (ERPs). Youth aged 11 to 17 with ADHD without anxiety (n = 34) and ADHD+ANX (n = 33) completed a Go/No-Go and Selective Auditory Attention task. Results indicated that the addition of anxiety in youth with ADHD was associated with enhanced early attentional processing, as well as stronger activation of impulse control, as exhibited by greater EFP and N2 amplitudes, respectively. Future directions and clinical implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal Brain Dynamics Mediating Post-error Behavioral Adjustments

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelie L. Manuel ◽  
Fosco Bernasconi ◽  
Micah M. Murray ◽  
Lucas Spierer
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Optimal Behavior ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Optimal behavior relies on flexible adaptation to environmental requirements, notably based on the detection of errors. The impact of error detection on subsequent behavior typically manifests as a slowing down of RTs following errors. Precisely how errors impact the processing of subsequent stimuli and in turn shape behavior remains unresolved. To address these questions, we used an auditory spatial go/no-go task where continual feedback informed participants of whether they were too slow. We contrasted auditory-evoked potentials to left-lateralized go and right no-go stimuli as a function of performance on the preceding go stimuli, generating a 2 × 2 design with “preceding performance” (fast hit [FH], slow hit [SH]) and stimulus type (go, no-go) as within-subject factors. SH trials yielded SH trials on the following trials more often than did FHs, supporting our assumption that SHs engaged effects similar to errors. Electrophysiologically, auditory-evoked potentials modulated topographically as a function of preceding performance 80–110 msec poststimulus onset and then as a function of stimulus type at 110–140 msec, indicative of changes in the underlying brain networks. Source estimations revealed a stronger activity of prefrontal regions to stimuli after successful than error trials, followed by a stronger response of parietal areas to the no-go than go stimuli. We interpret these results in terms of a shift from a fast automatic to a slow controlled form of inhibitory control induced by the detection of errors, manifesting during low-level integration of task-relevant features of subsequent stimuli, which in turn influences response speed.

Depressive symptoms in early pregnancy disrupt attentional processing of infant emotion

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Pearson ◽  
R. M. Cooper ◽  
I. S. Penton-Voak ◽  
S. L. Lightman ◽  
J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Community Midwives ◽  
Infant Faces ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that perinatal depression is associated with disrupted mother–infant interactions and poor infant outcomes. Antenatal depression may play a key role in this cycle by disrupting the development of a maternal response to infant stimuli. The current study therefore investigated the impact of depressive symptoms on the basic cognitive processing of infant stimuli at the beginning of pregnancy.MethodA total of 101 women were recruited by community midwives and tested at an average gestation of 11 weeks. An established computerized paradigm measured women's ability to disengage attention from infant and adult faces displaying negative positive and neutral emotions. Depressive symptoms were measured using a computerized interview (the Clinical Interview Schedule).ResultsThe effect of infant emotion on women's ability to disengage from infant faces was found to be influenced by depressive symptoms. Non-depressed pregnant women took longer to disengage attention from distressed compared with non-distressed infant faces. This bias was not, however, seen in women experiencing depressive symptoms. There was a difference of −53 (s.d.=0.7) ms (95% confidence interval −90 to −14, p=0.007) between those with and without depressive symptoms in this measure of attentional bias towards distressed infant faces.ConclusionsOur results suggest that depressive symptoms are already associated with differential attentional processing of infant emotion at the very beginning of childbearing. The findings have potential implications for our understanding of the impact of depressive symptoms during pregnancy on the developing mother–infant relationship.

scholarly journals EEG and behavioral correlates of attentional processing while walking and navigating naturalistic environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Liebherr ◽  
Andrew W. Corcoran ◽  
Phillip M. Alday ◽  
Scott Coussens ◽  
Valeria Bellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

AbstractThe capacity to regulate one’s attention in accordance with fluctuating task demands and environmental contexts is an essential feature of adaptive behavior. Although the electrophysiological correlates of attentional processing have been extensively studied in the laboratory, relatively little is known about the way they unfold under more variable, ecologically-valid conditions. Accordingly, this study employed a ‘real-world’ EEG design to investigate how attentional processing varies under increasing cognitive, motor, and environmental demands. Forty-four participants were exposed to an auditory oddball task while (1) sitting in a quiet room inside the lab, (2) walking around a sports field, and (3) wayfinding across a university campus. In each condition, participants were instructed to either count or ignore oddball stimuli. While behavioral performance was similar across the lab and field conditions, oddball count accuracy was significantly reduced in the campus condition. Moreover, event-related potential components (mismatch negativity and P3) elicited in both ‘real-world’ settings differed significantly from those obtained under laboratory conditions. These findings demonstrate the impact of environmental factors on attentional processing during simultaneously-performed motor and cognitive tasks, highlighting the value of incorporating dynamic and unpredictable contexts within naturalistic designs.

The impact of social exclusion on anticipatory attentional processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Kiat ◽  
Jacob E. Cheadle ◽  
Bridget J. Goosby
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
The Impact

Efficiency and interactions of alerting, orienting and executive networks: The impact of imperative stimulus type

2014 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Spagna ◽  
Diana Martella ◽  
Mara Sebastiani ◽  
Lisa Maccari ◽  
Andrea Marotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Imperative Stimulus ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Additive Effects of Cognitive Load, Motor Demand, and Environmental Complexity on Attention: A Real-World EEG-study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Liebherr ◽  
Andrew W. Corcoran ◽  
Phillip M. Alday ◽  
Scott Coussens ◽  
Valeria Bellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Environmental Demand ◽  
The Impact

The capacity to regulate ones attention in accordance with fluctuating task demands and environmental contexts is an essential feature of adaptive behavior. Although the electrophysiological correlates of attentional processing have been extensively studied in the laboratory, relatively little is known about the way they unfold under more variable, ecologically-valid conditions. Accordingly, this study employed a real-world EEG design to investigate how attentional processing varies under increasing levels of cognitive, motor, and environmental demand. Forty-four participants were exposed to an auditory oddball task while (1) sitting in a quiet room inside the lab, (2) walking around a sports field, and (3) wayfinding across a university campus. In each condition, participants were instructed to either attend to (i.e., count) or ignore oddball stimuli. While behavioral performance was similar across the lab and field conditions, oddball count accuracy was significantly reduced in the campus condition. Moreover, event-related potential components (mismatch negativity and P3) elicited in both real-world settings differed significantly from those obtained under laboratory conditions. These findings demonstrate the impact of environmental factors on attentional processing during simultaneously-performed motor and cognitive tasks, highlighting the value of incorporating dynamic and unpredictable contexts within naturalistic designs.

scholarly journals The effect of comorbid anxiety in youth with ADHD: an ERP analysis of attentional control and impulse control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna F. Klymkiw
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Youth With Adhd

Differences in attentional and impulse control may underlie the increased impairment associated with youth with ADHD and comorbid anxiety (ADHD+ANX) compared to youth with ADHD without anxiety; however, findings from studies using behavioural and self-report measures have been mixed. This study addressed this issue by exploring the impact of the addition of anxiety on attentional and impulse control at a neural level, using event-related potentials (ERPs). Youth aged 11 to 17 with ADHD without anxiety (n = 34) and ADHD+ANX (n = 33) completed a Go/No-Go and Selective Auditory Attention task. Results indicated that the addition of anxiety in youth with ADHD was associated with enhanced early attentional processing, as well as stronger activation of impulse control, as exhibited by greater EFP and N2 amplitudes, respectively. Future directions and clinical implications of these results are discussed.

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