Exenatide effects on glucose metabolism and metabolic disorders common to overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 666-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Webb ◽  
Matthew Wintle ◽  
James K. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Obese Patients

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Chae Bin Lee ◽  
Soon Uk Chae ◽  
Seong Jun Jo ◽  
Ui Min Jerng ◽  
Soo Kyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
The Relationship

Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.

scholarly journals Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (28) ◽  
pp. 2945
Author(s):  
Hong-Zhi Luo ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Hui-Zhou Deng ◽  
Zhi-Gang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Obese Patients

Endobarrier® in Grade I Obese Patients with Long-Standing Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Gastrointestinal Hormones in Glucose Metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Vilarrasa ◽  
Amador García Ruiz de Gordejuela ◽  
Anna Casajoana ◽  
Xevi Duran ◽  
Silvia Toro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Obese Patients

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes and Breast Cancer: The Interplay between Impaired Glucose Metabolism and Oxidant Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Ferroni ◽  
Silvia Riondino ◽  
Oreste Buonomo ◽  
Raffaele Palmirotta ◽  
Fiorella Guadagni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Altered Glucose

Metabolic disorders, especially type 2 diabetes and its associated complications, represent a growing public health problem. Epidemiological findings indicate a close relationship between diabetes and many types of cancer (including breast cancer risk), which regards not only the dysmetabolic condition, but also its underlying risk factors and therapeutic interventions. This review discusses the advances in understanding of the mechanisms linking metabolic disorders and breast cancer. Among the proposed mechanisms to explain such an association, a major role is played by the dysregulated glucose metabolism, which concurs with a chronic proinflammatory condition and an associated oxidative stress to promote tumour initiation and progression. As regards the altered glucose metabolism, hyperinsulinaemia, both endogenous due to insulin-resistance and drug-induced, appears to promote tumour cell growth through the involvement of innate immune activation, platelet activation, increased reactive oxygen species, exposure to protumorigenic and proangiogenic cytokines, and increased substrate availability to neoplastic cells. In this context, understanding the relationship between metabolic disorders and cancer is becoming imperative, and an accurate analysis of these associations could be used to identify biomarkers able to predict disease risk and/or prognosis and to help in the choice of proper evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.

Endobarrier® in Grade I Obese Patients with Long-Standing Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Gastrointestinal Hormones in Glucose Metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
Radwan Kassir ◽  
Jean Gugenheim ◽  
Tarek Debs ◽  
Imed Ben Amor ◽  
Olivier TIffet
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Obese Patients
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