Anxiety and depressive disorders and the five-factor model of personality: A higher- and lower-order personality trait investigation in a community sample

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
Jack F. Samuels ◽  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
Irving M. Reti ◽  
William W. Eaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample

Neurobiological Functioning and the Personality Trait Hierarchy: Central Serotonergic Responsivity and the Stability Meta-trait

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Kasey Creswell ◽  
Janine Flory ◽  
Matthew Muldoon ◽  
Stephen N. Manuck
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
The Stability

Trait domains of the five-factor model (FFM) are not orthogonal, and two meta-traits have often been estimated from their covariation. Here we focus on the Stability meta-trait, which reflects shared variance in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism (inversely). It has been hypothesized that Stability manifests, in part, due to individual differences in central serotonergic functioning. We explore this possibility in a community sample (N=441) using a multiverse analysis of multi-informant FFM traits and Stability predicting individual differences in central serotonergic functioning, as assessed by change in serum prolactin concentration following intravenous infusion of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram. Results were mixed, showing that trait neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, as well as the Stability meta-trait, are significantly associated with prolactin response, but that these findings are contingent on a number of modeling decisions. Specifically, these effects were non-linear, emerging most strongly for those highest (lowest for neuroticism) on the component traits.

scholarly journals Neurobiological Functioning and the Personality-Trait Hierarchy: Central Serotonergic Responsivity and the Stability Metatrait

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1413-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan G. C. Wright ◽  
Kasey G. Creswell ◽  
Janine D. Flory ◽  
Matthew F. Muldoon ◽  
Stephen B. Manuck
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
The Stability

Trait domains of the five-factor model are not orthogonal, and two metatraits have often been estimated from their covariation. Here, we focus on the stability metatrait, which reflects shared variance in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and (inversely) neuroticism. It has been hypothesized that stability manifests, in part, because of individual differences in central serotonergic functioning. We explored this possibility in a community sample ( N = 441) using a multiverse analysis of (a) multi-informant five-factor-model traits and (b) stability as a predictor of individual differences in central serotonergic functioning. Differences in serotonergic functioning were assessed by indexing change in serum prolactin concentration following intravenous infusion of citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Results were mixed, showing that trait neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, as well as the stability metatrait, were significantly associated with prolactin response but that these findings were contingent on a number of modeling decisions. Specifically, these effects were nonlinear, emerging most strongly for participants with the highest levels (or lowest, for neuroticism) of the component traits.

scholarly journals An fMRI investigation of the relations between Extraversion, internalizing psychopathology, and neural activation following reward receipt in the Human Connectome Project sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Emily S. Hallowell ◽  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Brandon M. Weiss ◽  
Lawrence H. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., HiTOP) propose that personality and psychopathology are intertwined, such that the various processes that characterize personality traits may be useful in describing and predicting manifestations of psychopathology. In the current study, we used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1050) to investigate neural activation following receipt of a reward during an fMRI task as one shared mechanism that may be related to the personality trait Extraversion (specifically its sub-component Agentic Extraversion) and internalizing psychopathology. We also conducted exploratory analyses on the links between neural activation following reward receipt and the other Five-Factor Model personality traits, as well as separate analyses by gender. No significant relations (p < .005) were observed between any personality trait or index of psychopathology and neural activation following reward receipt, and most effect sizes were null to very small in nature (i.e., r < |.05|). We conclude by discussing the appropriate interpretation of these null findings, and provide suggestions for future research that spans psychological and neurobiological levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Educational Attainment and Personality Are Genetically Intertwined

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1631-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mõttus ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Uku Vainik ◽  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Tõnu Esko
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Heritable variance in psychological traits may reflect genetic and biological processes that are not necessarily specific to these particular traits but pertain to a broader range of phenotypes. We tested the possibility that the personality domains of the five-factor model and their 30 facets, as rated by people themselves and their knowledgeable informants, reflect polygenic influences that have been previously associated with educational attainment. In a sample of more than 3,000 adult Estonians, education polygenic scores (EPSs), which are interpretable as estimates of molecular-genetic propensity for education, were correlated with various personality traits, particularly from the neuroticism and openness domains. The correlations of personality traits with phenotypic educational attainment closely mirrored their correlations with EPS. Moreover, EPS predicted an aggregate personality trait tailored to capture the maximum amount of variance in educational attainment almost as strongly as it predicted the attainment itself. We discuss possible interpretations and implications of these findings.

The Convergent Structure of DSM-5 Personality Trait Facets and Five-Factor Model Trait Domains

Assessment ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Thomas ◽  
Matthew M. Yalch ◽  
Robert F. Krueger ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright ◽  
Kristian E. Markon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Dsm 5

Person‐factors in the California Adult Q‐Set: closing the door on personality trait types?

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. McCrae ◽  
Antonio Terracciano ◽  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
Daniel J. Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Item Endorsement ◽  
Major Factors

To investigate recent hypotheses of replicable personality types, we examined data from 1540 self‐sorts on the California Adult Q‐Set (CAQ). Conventional factor analysis of the items showed the expected Five‐Factor Model (FFM). Inverse factor analysis across random subsamples showed that none of the previously reported person‐factors were replicated. Only two factors were replicable, and, most importantly, these factors were contaminated by mean level differences in item endorsement. Results were not due to sample size or age heterogeneity. Subsequent inverse factor analysis of standardized items revealed at least three replicable factors; when five person‐factors were extracted, they could be aligned precisely with the dimensions of the FFM. The major factors of person similarity can be accounted for entirely in terms of the FFM, consistent with the hypothesis that there are no replicable personality types in the CAQ. Published in 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Phobic, Panic, and Major Depressive Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality

2001 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. JOSEPH BIENVENU ◽  
GERALD NESTADT ◽  
JACK F. SAMUELS ◽  
PAUL T. COSTA ◽  
WILLIAM T. HOWARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders

An Investigation of Personality Types within the HEXACO Personality Framework

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Ashton ◽  
Kibeom Lee
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Multivariate Normal ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Peer Reports

Recent research aimed at identifying distinct personality types has generally searched for such types in the space of the dimensions of the Big Five or Five-Factor model. We extended this search to the space of the HEXACO model of personality structure, using data from a large community sample of adults. In a series of cluster analyses involving 3 to 7 clusters, the proportion of reliable variance in HEXACO dimensions that was accounted for by the types – i.e., clusters – was small, never exceeding that accounted for by clusters generated from random multivariate normal data. The predictive validity of the types and the dimensions was compared with respect to aggregated peer reports on the Big Five personality factors, and results showed that even the largest sets of HEXACO types accounted for only half as much variance as did the HEXACO dimensions. The results provide no evidence of meaningful personality types within the space of the HEXACO framework.

Discrepancies in Self- and Informant-Reports of Personality Pathology: Examining the DSM-5 Section III Trait Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carnovale ◽  
Erika Carlson ◽  
Lena C. Quilty ◽  
Michael Bagby
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Severity Scores

A proposed feature of personality pathology involves disturbances in identity, of which a lack of insight is one such manifestation. From recommendations in the literature, one potential approach to assess and quantify such impairment and link it to personality pathology, would be to obtain self- and informant reports and subsequently index the degree personality pathology severity exacerbates self-other discrepancies. The current study examines the degree to which self- and informant-reports of DSM-5 Section III trait scores are discrepant (i.e., mean-level discrepancies and correlational accuracy), as well as whether general personality pathology severity moderates these characteristics. Target participants (N = 208) in an elevated-risk community sample completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and knowledgeable informants rated targets using the informant version of the PID-5. General personality pathology severity was assessed via an aggregate of Five Factor Model PD prototype scores derived from self-report, informant-report, and interview ratings. Mean-level discrepancies and correlational accuracy (and their moderation by general personality pathology) for PID-5 domains, facets, and PD scores were subsequently examined. Results suggested that targets tended to mostly rate themselves only slightly lower than informants across all PID-5 scores (median dz = .21), and correlational accuracy across all PID-5 scores was moderate (median r = .33). Importantly, however, mean-level discrepancies increased as general personality pathology severity scores increased. Implications and future directions for the multi-method assessment of dimensional personality pathology are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document