scholarly journals Towards Reaching the Total Blood Volume by in vivo Flow Cytometry and Theranostics

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1223-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiendelt Steenbergen ◽  
Vladimir P. Zharov
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
In Vivo Flow Cytometry

Observations on Cardiac Output and ”Pulmonary Blood Volume” in Normal Man by External Recording of the Intracardiac Flow of 131I Labelled Albumin

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 353-379
Author(s):  
Jacques Lammerant ◽  
Norman Veall ◽  
Michel De Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Volume ◽  
Intracardiac Flow ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Mean Circulation

Summary1. The technique for the measurement of cardiac output by external recording of the intracardiac flow of 131I labelled human serum albumin has been extended to provide a measure of the mean circulation time from right to left heart and hence a new approach to the estimation of the pulmonary blood volume.2. Values for the basal cardiac output in normal subjects and its variations with age are in good agreement with the previously published data of other workers.3. The pulmonary blood volume in normal man in the basal state was found to be 28.2 ± 0.6% of the total blood volume.4. There was no correlation between cardiac output and pulmonary blood volume in a series of normal subjects in the basal state.5. The increase in cardiac output during digestion was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 6.3 ± 1.2% of the total blood volume, that is, about 280 ml.6. The increase in cardiac output during exercise was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 4.5 ± 1.0% of the total blood volume, that is, about 200 ml.7. The increase in cardiac output attributed to alarm is not associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume, the latter may in fact be increased.8. The total blood volume is advocated as a standard of reference for studies of this type in normal subjects in preference to body weight or surface area.9. The significance of these results and the validity of the method are discussed.

Cerebral oxygen availability by NIR spectroscopy during transient hypoxia in humans

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Hampson ◽  
E. M. Camporesi ◽  
B. W. Stolp ◽  
R. E. Moon ◽  
J. E. Shook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Arterial Ph

The effects of mild hypoxia on brain oxyhemoglobin, cytochrome a,a3 redox status, and cerebral blood volume were studied using near-infrared spectroscopy in eight healthy volunteers. Incremental hypoxia reaching 70% arterial O2 saturation was produced in normocapnia [end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) 36.9 +/- 2.6 to 34.9 +/- 3.4 Torr] or hypocapnia (PETCO2 32.8 +/- 0.6 to 23.7 +/- 0.6 Torr) by an 8-min rebreathing technique and regulation of inspired CO2. Normocapnic hypoxia was characterized by progressive reductions in arterial PO2 (PaO2, 89.1 +/- 3.5 to 34.1 +/- 0.1 Torr) with stable PETCO2, arterial PCO2 (PaCO2), and arterial pH and resulted in increases in heart rate (35%) systolic blood pressure (14%), and minute ventilation (5-fold). Hypocapnic hypoxia resulted in progressively decreasing PaO2 (100.2 +/- 3.6 to 28.9 +/- 0.1 Torr), with progressive reduction in PaCO2 (39.0 +/- 1.6 to 27.3 +/- 1.9 Torr), and an increase in arterial pH (7.41 +/- 0.02 to 7.53 +/- 0.03), heart rate (61%), and ventilation (3-fold). In the brain, hypoxia resulted in a steady decline of cerebral oxyhemoglobin content and a decrease in oxidized cytochrome a,a3. Significantly greater loss of oxidized cytochrome a,a3 occurred for a given decrease in oxyhemoglobin during hypocapnic hypoxia relative to normocapnic hypoxia. Total blood volume response during hypoxia also was significantly attenuated by hypocapnia, because the increase in volume was only half that of normocapnic subjects. We conclude that cytochrome a,a3 oxidation level in vivo decreases at mild levels of hypoxia. PaCO is an important determinant of brain oxygenation, because it modulates ventilatory, cardiovascular, and cerebral O2 delivery responses to hypoxia.

Heterogeneity of gut capillary transit times and impaired gut oxygen extraction in endotoxemic pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Humer ◽  
P. T. Phang ◽  
B. P. Friesen ◽  
M. F. Allard ◽  
C. M. Goddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Oxygen Extraction Ratio ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Critical Oxygen

We tested the hypothesis that endotoxin increases the heterogeneity of gut capillary transit times and impairs oxygen extraction. The gut critical oxygen extraction ratio was determined by measuring multiple oxygen delivery-consumption points during progressive phlebotomy in eight control and eight endotoxin-infused anesthetized pigs. In multiple 1- to 2-g samples of small bowel, we measured blood volume (radiolabeled red blood cells) and flow (radiolabeled 15-microns microspheres) before and after critical oxygen extraction. Red blood cell transit time (= volume/flow) multiplied by morphologically determined capillary/total blood volume gave capillary transit time. During hemorrhage, capillary/total blood volume did not change in the endotoxin group (0.5 +/- 4.5%) but increased in the control group (17.6 +/- 2.5%; P < 0.05) due to a decrease in total gut blood volume. Flow decreased significantly in the endotoxin group (36 +/- 10%; P < 0.05) but not in the control group (12 +/- 10%). Capillary transit-time heterogeneity increased in the endotoxin group (12.3 +/- 4.9%) compared with the control group (-5.8 +/- 7.4%; P < 0.05), predicting a critical oxygen extraction ratio 0.14 lower in the endotoxin group than in the control group (K. R. Walley. J. Appl. Physiol. 81: 885–894, 1996). This matches the measured difference (endotoxin group, 0.60 +/- 0.04; control group, 0.74 +/- 0.03; P < 0.05). Increased heterogeneity of capillary transit times may be an important cause of impaired oxygen extraction.

scholarly journals Biologia de Rhodnius stali, Lent, Jurberg & Galvão e Rhodnius pictipes Stål (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) em condições de Laboratório.

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Ribeiro Peixoto ◽  
José Jurberg
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Biological Aspects

Rhodnius stali Lent, Jurberg & Galvão vetor da Doença de Chagas domiciliado na região do Alto Beni, Bolívia é uma espécie com a biologia pouco conhecida. Com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento acerca de sua biologia, observamos parâmetros de seu ciclo de vida, nos estádios de ninfa, comparando-os com Rhodnius pictipes Stål, espécie morfologicamente semelhante e filogeneticamente próxima. Os seguintes parâmetros foram observados: tempo de eclosão dos ovos, ciclo biológico de ovo-adulto (em machos e fêmeas separadamente), taxa de mortalidade, idade do primeiro repasto sanguíneo e volume de sangue ingerido pelas ninfas. De maneira geral observou-se que as R. stali tem um ciclo de vida mais longo do que R. pictipes e, em ambas espécies, o tempo entre a eclosão do ovo até a fase adulta é menor em fêmeas. Curiosamente para R. stali, que é sabidamente capaz de colonizar domicílios, foi observada uma taxa de mortalidade das ninfas mais alta que em R. pictipes, algo inesperado para a espécie que coloniza estruturas artificiais e foi observada em ambiente artificial. Para R. stali, o primeiro repasto sanguíneo ocorreu, em média, quatro dias mais tarde do que em R. pictipes, espécie que ingeriu um volume total de sangue maior, possivelmente pelo fato de seu corpo ser maior. Conhecendo-se com profundidade os aspectos biológicos dessas espécies será possível direcionar o controle vetorial com mais precisão, principalmente em regiões onde colonizam casas, como no Alto Beni, Bolívia. Biology of Rhodnius stali Lent, Jurberg & Galvão and Rhodnius pictipes Stål (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatiminae) in Laboratory Conditions Abstract. Rhodnius stali Lent, Jurberg & Galvão is a Chagas Disease vector that colonize houses in the Alto Beni region, Bolivia and its biology is poorly known. Aiming to enhance the understanding about their biology, we observed a few parameters of its life cycle, at nymphal stages, comparing them with Rhodnius pictipes Stål a morphologically similar and phylogenetically close species. The following parameters were observed: time of hatching, development time from egg to adult (male and female separately), mortality rate, age at first blood meal and blood volume ingested by nymphs. In general, it was observed that the R. stali has longer cycle than R. pictipes, and in both species, the time between hatching the egg to adult in females is lower. Interestingly for R. stali, which is known to be capable of colonizing households, the mortality rate of nymphs was higher than observed in R. pictipes, something unexpected for species that colonize artificial structures and was observed in artificial environment. For R. stali, the first blood meal was, on average, four days later than for R. pictipes, species that ingested a greater total blood volume, possibly because of its bigger size. By knowing in depth the biological aspects of these species it will be possible to direct vector control more accurately, especially in regions where they colonize houses, as in the Alto Beni, Bolivia.

Measurement of Blood Volumes in the Splanchnic Bed of the Dog

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Horvath ◽  
T. Kelly ◽  
G. E. Folk ◽  
B. K. Hutt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Blood Volumes

Measurements of the distribution of blood volumes between the splanchnic and peripheral beds of dogs have been made. The splanchnic blood volume was found to be 21% of the total blood volume. The fractionation of the splanchnic blood volume between hepatic, splenic and mesenteric beds indicated that these contained approximately 30, 30 and 40%, respectively. There were certain difficulties which precluded precise measurement of the splanchnic fractions.

scholarly journals A Study of Blood Volume and Anemia in Cancer Patients

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANNE C. BATEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Active Cancer

Abstract 1. Hematologic findings are reported in 33 patients with cancer, in 8 patients with arrested cancer and in 10 patients without cancer. 2. Blood volume was variable and seemed to bear no direct relation to the disease. Prolonged impaired alimentation due to dysphagia or apathy in 3 patients was associated with lower than expected blood volume. 3. Recalculation of total hemoglobin on the basis of expected normal blood volume demonstrates a reduction in hemoglobin concentration when blood volume is increased and conversely in an elevation of hemoglobin concentration when blood volume is reduced. 4. A marked increase above "normal" in blood volume was found in 3 patients who had received large amounts of stilbestrol. Withdrawal of drug in the 1 patient observed resulted in reversion toward normal values. 5. Testosterone increased body weight, total blood volume and total circulating hemoglobin in 3 patients without active cancer. In 2 patients with far advanced cancer there was increase in weight, in 1 there was increase in blood volume, but in both there was progressive decrease in total hemoglobin.

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