scholarly journals A color and shape based algorithm for segmentation of white blood cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow images

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Arslan ◽  
Emel Ozyurek ◽  
Cigdem Gunduz-Demir
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells

scholarly journals Adult Mice With Targeted Mutation of the Interleukin-11 Receptor (IL11Ra) Display Normal Hematopoiesis

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2148-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshal H. Nandurkar ◽  
Lorraine Robb ◽  
David Tarlinton ◽  
Louise Barnett ◽  
Frank Köntgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Interleukin 11 ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic growth factor with a prominent effect on megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. The receptor for IL-11 is a heterodimer of the signal transduction unit gp130 and a specific receptor component, the α-chain (IL-11Rα). Two genes potentially encode the IL-11Rα: the IL11Ra and IL11Ra2 genes. The IL11Ra gene is widely expressed in hematopoietic and other organs, whereas the IL11Ra2 gene is restricted to only some strains of mice and its expression is confined to testis, lymph node, and thymus. To investigate the essential actions mediated by the IL-11Rα, we have generated mice with a null mutation of IL11Ra (IL11Ra−/−) by gene targeting. Analysis of IL11Ra expression by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, as well as the absence of response of IL11Ra−/− bone marrow cells to IL-11 in hematopoietic assays, further confirmed the null mutation. Compensatory expression of the IL11Ra2 in bone marrow cells was not detected. IL11Ra−/− mice were healthy with normal numbers of peripheral blood white blood cells, hematocrit, and platelets. Bone marrow and spleen contained normal numbers of cells of all hematopoietic lineages, including megakaryocytes. Clonal cultures did not identify any perturbation of granulocyte-macrophage (GM), erythroid, or megakaryocyte progenitors. The number of day-12 colony-forming unit-spleen progenitors were similar in wild-type and IL11Ra−/− mice. The kinetics of recovery of peripheral blood white blood cells, platelets, and bone marrow GM progenitors after treatment with 5-flurouracil were the same in IL11Ra−/− and wild-type mice. Acute hemolytic stress was induced by phenylhydrazine and resulted in a 50% decrease in hematocrit. The recovery of hematocrit was comparable in IL11Ra−/− and wild-type mice. These observations indicate that IL-11 receptor signalling is dispensable for adult hematopoiesis.

scholarly journals Megaloblastosis Produced by a Cytosine Antagonist

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. TALLEY ◽  
V. K. VAITKEVICIUS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Mitotic Abnormalities ◽  
Temporary Decrease

Abstract 1. Cytosine arabinoside induced objective, but temporary, decrease of tumor masses in three patients with lymphosarcoma and slight decrease in some lesions in two out of ten treated patients with disseminated carcinomatosis. 2. In doses of 3 to 50 mg./Kg. given at varying intervals, cytosine arabinoside induced definite megaloblastic changes in the marrow of all patients studied. Mitotic abnormalities similar to those found in other megaloblastic anemias also occurred. 3. Associated with bone marrow changes, depressions of hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets in the peripheral blood were observed. 4. The exact mechanism of action of cytosine arabinoside has not been elucidated. It is speculated that because of the close structural similarity between cytidylic acid, cytosine arabinoside could interfere with DNA synthesis.

scholarly journals Marrow Engraftment by Allogeneic Leukocytes in Lethally Irradiated Dogs

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. STORB ◽  
R. B. EPSTEIN ◽  
H. RAGDE ◽  
J. BRYANT ◽  
E. D. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Allogeneic Bone Marrow ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Single Donor ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Bone Marrow Engraftment

Abstract Infusion of white blood cells separated from peripheral blood produced allogeneic bone marrow engraftment in lethally irradiated dogs. Approximately 100 x 109 leukocytes obtained from a single donor over an 8-day period were adequate to establish marrow repopulation. Marrow engraftment was indicated by rising blood count, marrow histology, and, in one instance, cytogenetic studies. Marrow grafts were associated with a severe secondary syndrome. Survival was prolonged with methotrexate.

scholarly journals Brief Note: The Use of Desoxyribonuclease As an Aid to the Identification of Primitive White Blood Cells

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD GARDNER ◽  
CLAUDE-STARR WRIGHT ◽  
BETTIE Z. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Primitive Cell ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Differential Action

Abstract A standard solution of purified desoxyribonuclease in phosphate saline effectively duplicates the differential action of urine on the nuclei of white blood cells. This procedure is a valuable aid to the identification of primitive cell types in bone marrow and peripheral blood films.

Generation and Characterization of Transgenic Mice Expressing MplW515L.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3901-3901
Author(s):  
Wanming Zhao ◽  
Shu Xing ◽  
Rufei Gao ◽  
Aref Al-Kali ◽  
Wanting Tina Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Abstract 3901 Poster Board III-837 Myeloproliferative neoplasias (MPNs) are a group of conditions characterized by chronic increases in some or all of the blood cells (platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells). JAK2V617F, a gain-of-function mutation of tyrosine kinase JAK2, is found in over 90% of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and about 50% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Attempt to identify other signaling components involving the JAK2 signaling pathways has led to discovery of acquired mutations of Mpl, the receptor of thrombopoietin, in 5-10% patients with PMF and ET. To prove the pathogenesis of Mpl mutants, we have generated transgenic mice expressing the most frequently occurred Mpl mutant designated MplW515L by using the vav gene promoter which drives expression of transgenes in the hematopoietic system. We obtained three lines of MplW515L transgenic mice which all displayed similar hematological abnormalities. As expected, the mice developed ET- and PMF-like phenotypes with much elevated platelet counts, severe splenomegaly/hepatomegaly, and bone marrow/spleen myelofibrosis. Interestingly, these mice also had markedly increased white blood cells in the peripheral blood, majority of which are IgD-positive mature B-cells. Histochemical staining and flow cytometric analyses revealed infiltrations of megkaryocytes and B cells into the spleen, the presence of megkaryocytes and erythroid blast cells in the liver, and infiltrations of the bone marrow with B-cells. Reticulin staining revealed that MplW515L transgenic mice developed profound myelofibrosis in the bone marrow and spleen. In vitro hematopoietic colony assays demonstrated increased numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells including BFU-E, CFU-GM, CFU-Mk, and CFU-Pre-B in the bone marrow, mobilization of these stem/progenitor cells to peripheral blood and spleen, and their autonomous growth in the absence of growth factors and cytokines. Finally, transplantation of bone marrow cells from MplW515L mice into irradiated normal mice installed the aforementioned phenotypes into the recipient mice, indicating that expression of MplW515L altered the activity of hematopoietic stem cells. Together, our data demonstrated that transgenic expression of MplW515L not only causes PMF- and ET-like phenotypes but also lymphoproliferative disorders. Considering that Mpl is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and that oncogenic gene mutations are often associated with alteration of gene expression, we believe that MplW515L may be involved in a wider spectrum of human hematological diseases than MPNs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Approach to the Patient with Benign Hematologic Disorders

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mark Sloan ◽  
David C Seldin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Normal Ranges

Hematology principally concerns the function and disorders of the formed elements of the blood—red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets—as well as those factors governing hemostasis. Hematologists have been a powerful force in basic biomedical and translational research. Their work, propelled partly by the ease of collection of blood and bone marrow for study, has enabled an understanding of many blood disorders at a fundamental molecular level. Techniques developed for the study of hematology are often adopted by other disciplines. This chapter discusses the anatomy of the hematopoietic system, hematopoiesis and the bone marrow, physical examination of the hematology patient, evaluation of the complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral blood smear, and coagulation. Tables delineate CBC parameters with normal ranges; peripheral smear findings, descriptions, and RBC indices and significance; laboratory findings in erythrocytosis; diseases commonly associated with eosinophilia and useful workup; common medications strongly associated with thrombocytopenia; and the 4Ts score for determining pretest probability of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Figures depict the three fractions of centrifuged blood, the lymph node, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy procedure, architecture of the bone marrow microenvironment, petechiae, WBC types found in the smear of peripheral blood, the direct antiglobulin test, myeloid cells, and the coagulation system. This review contains 10 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 40 references.

scholarly journals Adult Mice With Targeted Mutation of the Interleukin-11 Receptor (IL11Ra) Display Normal Hematopoiesis

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2148-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshal H. Nandurkar ◽  
Lorraine Robb ◽  
David Tarlinton ◽  
Louise Barnett ◽  
Frank Köntgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Interleukin 11 ◽  
Marrow Cells

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic growth factor with a prominent effect on megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. The receptor for IL-11 is a heterodimer of the signal transduction unit gp130 and a specific receptor component, the α-chain (IL-11Rα). Two genes potentially encode the IL-11Rα: the IL11Ra and IL11Ra2 genes. The IL11Ra gene is widely expressed in hematopoietic and other organs, whereas the IL11Ra2 gene is restricted to only some strains of mice and its expression is confined to testis, lymph node, and thymus. To investigate the essential actions mediated by the IL-11Rα, we have generated mice with a null mutation of IL11Ra (IL11Ra−/−) by gene targeting. Analysis of IL11Ra expression by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, as well as the absence of response of IL11Ra−/− bone marrow cells to IL-11 in hematopoietic assays, further confirmed the null mutation. Compensatory expression of the IL11Ra2 in bone marrow cells was not detected. IL11Ra−/− mice were healthy with normal numbers of peripheral blood white blood cells, hematocrit, and platelets. Bone marrow and spleen contained normal numbers of cells of all hematopoietic lineages, including megakaryocytes. Clonal cultures did not identify any perturbation of granulocyte-macrophage (GM), erythroid, or megakaryocyte progenitors. The number of day-12 colony-forming unit-spleen progenitors were similar in wild-type and IL11Ra−/− mice. The kinetics of recovery of peripheral blood white blood cells, platelets, and bone marrow GM progenitors after treatment with 5-flurouracil were the same in IL11Ra−/− and wild-type mice. Acute hemolytic stress was induced by phenylhydrazine and resulted in a 50% decrease in hematocrit. The recovery of hematocrit was comparable in IL11Ra−/− and wild-type mice. These observations indicate that IL-11 receptor signalling is dispensable for adult hematopoiesis.

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