scholarly journals Relationship between DNA damage response, initiated by camptothecin or oxidative stress, and DNA replication, analyzed by quantitative 3D image analysis

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Berniak ◽  
P. Rybak ◽  
T. Bernas ◽  
M. Zarębski ◽  
E. Biela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
3D Image ◽  
3D Image Analysis ◽  
Damage Response

scholarly journals DNA Damage Response and Oxidative Stress in Systemic Autoimmunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis L. Souliotis ◽  
Nikolaos I. Vlachogiannis ◽  
Maria Pappa ◽  
Alexandra Argyriou ◽  
Panagiotis A. Ntouros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Damage Response

The DNA damage response and repair (DDR/R) network, a sum of hierarchically structured signaling pathways that recognize and repair DNA damage, and the immune response to endogenous and/or exogenous threats, act synergistically to enhance cellular defense. On the other hand, a deregulated interplay between these systems underlines inflammatory diseases including malignancies and chronic systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with these diseases are characterized by aberrant immune response to self-antigens with widespread production of autoantibodies and multiple-tissue injury, as well as by the presence of increased oxidative stress. Recent data demonstrate accumulation of endogenous DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these patients, which is related to (a) augmented DNA damage formation, at least partly due to the induction of oxidative stress, and (b) epigenetically regulated functional abnormalities of fundamental DNA repair mechanisms. Because endogenous DNA damage accumulation has serious consequences for cellular health, including genomic instability and enhancement of an aberrant immune response, these results can be exploited for understanding pathogenesis and progression of systemic autoimmune diseases, as well as for the development of new treatments.

scholarly journals APE2 Is a General Regulator of the ATR-Chk1 DNA Damage Response Pathway to Maintain Genome Integrity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
Yunfeng Lin ◽  
Garrett Driscoll ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Anne McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Genome Integrity ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Egg Extracts

The maintenance of genome integrity and fidelity is vital for the proper function and survival of all organisms. Recent studies have revealed that APE2 is required to activate an ATR-Chk1 DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in response to oxidative stress and a defined DNA single-strand break (SSB) in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. However, it remains unclear whether APE2 is a general regulator of the DDR pathway in mammalian cells. Here, we provide evidence using human pancreatic cancer cells that APE2 is essential for ATR DDR pathway activation in response to different stressful conditions including oxidative stress, DNA replication stress, and DNA double-strand breaks. Fluorescence microscopy analysis shows that APE2-knockdown (KD) leads to enhanced γH2AX foci and increased micronuclei formation. In addition, we identified a small molecule compound Celastrol as an APE2 inhibitor that specifically compromises the binding of APE2 but not RPA to ssDNA and 3′-5′ exonuclease activity of APE2 but not APE1. The impairment of ATR-Chk1 DDR pathway by Celastrol in Xenopus egg extracts and human pancreatic cancer cells highlights the physiological significance of Celastrol in the regulation of APE2 functionalities in genome integrity. Notably, cell viability assays demonstrate that APE2-KD or Celastrol sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. Overall, we propose APE2 as a general regulator for the DDR pathway in genome integrity maintenance.

scholarly journals RTT109 AND Fun30 proteins mediate epigenetic regulation of the DNA damage response pathway in C. albicans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar Maurya ◽  
Pramita Garai ◽  
Kaveri Goel ◽  
Himanshu Bhatt ◽  
Aarti Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Repair Pathway ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
H3 Acetylation ◽  
Dna Damage Response Pathway

Fun30, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeller, from S. cerevisiae mediates both regulation of gene expression as well as DNA damage response/repair. In this paper, we have characterized the biochemical and physiological function of Fun30 from the opportunistic fungi, C. albicans. Biochemically, the protein shows DNA-stimulated ATPase activity. Physiologically, the protein co-regulates transcription of RTT109, TEL1, MEC1, and SNF2-genes that encode for proteins involved in DNA damage response and repair pathway. The expression of FUN30, in turn, is regulated by histone H3 acetylation catalysed by Rtt109 encoded by RTT109. The RTT109Hz/FUN30Hz mutant strain shows sensitivity to oxidative stress and resistance to MMS as compared to the wild type strain. Quantitative PCR showed that the sensitivity to oxidative stress results from downregulation of MEC1, RAD9, MRC1 and RAD5 expression; ChIP experiments showed Fun30 but not H3ac regulates the expression of these genes in response to oxidative stress. In contrast, on treatment with MMS, the expression of RAD9 is upregulated and this upregulation is co-regulated by both Fun30 and H3 acetylation catalysed by Rtt109. Thus, Fun30 and H3 acetylation mediate the response of the fungal cell to genotoxic agents in C. albicans by regulating the expression of DNA damage response and repair pathway genes.

scholarly journals Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase Mediates NF-κB Serine 276 Phosphorylation and Interferon Expression via the IRF7-RIG-I Amplification Loop in Paramyxovirus Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 2628-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Fang ◽  
Sanjeev Choudhary ◽  
Bing Tian ◽  
Istvan Boldogh ◽  
Chunying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Amplification Loop ◽  
Inducible Gene

ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary etiological agent of childhood lower respiratory tract disease. Molecular patterns induced by active infection trigger a coordinated retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling response to induce inflammatory cytokines and antiviral mucosal interferons. Recently, we discovered a nuclear oxidative stress-sensitive pathway mediated by the DNA damage response protein, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), in cytokine-induced NF-κB/RelA Ser 276 phosphorylation. Here we observe that ATM silencing results in enhanced single-strand RNA (ssRNA) replication of RSVand Sendai virus, due to decreased expression and secretion of type I and III interferons (IFNs), despite maintenance of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In addition to enhanced oxidative stress, RSV replication enhances foci of phosphorylated histone 2AX variant (γH2AX), Ser 1981 phosphorylation of ATM, and IKKγ/NEMO-dependent ATM nuclear export, indicating activation of the DNA damage response. ATM-deficient cells show defective RSV-induced mitogen and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK-1) Ser 376 phosphorylation and reduced RelA Ser 276 phosphorylation, whose formation is required for IRF7 expression. We observe that RelA inducibly binds the native IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) promoter in an ATM-dependent manner, and IRF7 inducibly binds to the endogenous retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) promoter. Ectopic IRF7 expression restores RIG-I expression and type I/III IFN expression in ATM-silenced cells. We conclude that paramyxoviruses trigger the DNA damage response, a pathway required for MSK1 activation of phospho Ser 276 RelA formation to trigger the IRF7-RIG-I amplification loop necessary for mucosal IFN production. These data provide the molecular pathogenesis for defects in the cellular innate immunity of patients with homozygous ATM mutations.IMPORTANCERNA virus infections trigger cellular response pathways to limit spread to adjacent tissues. This “innate immune response” is mediated by germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors that trigger activation of two, largely independent, intracellular NF-κB and IRF3 transcription factors. Downstream, expression of protective antiviral interferons is amplified by positive-feedback loops mediated by inducible interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and retinoic acid inducible gene (RIG-I). Our results indicate that a nuclear oxidative stress- and DNA damage-sensing factor, ATM, is required to mediate a cross talk pathway between NF-κB and IRF7 through mediating phosphorylation of NF-κB. Our studies provide further information about the defects in cellular and innate immunity in patients with inherited ATM mutations.

scholarly journals Werner Helicase Control of Human Papillomavirus 16 E1-E2 DNA Replication Is Regulated by SIRT1 Deacetylation

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipon Das ◽  
Molly L. Bristol ◽  
Nathan W. Smith ◽  
Claire D. James ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Repair Protein ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Dna Repair Protein

ABSTRACTHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) are double-stranded DNA viruses causative in a host of human diseases, including several cancers. Following infection, two viral proteins, E1 and E2, activate viral replication in association with cellular factors and stimulate the DNA damage response (DDR) during the replication process. E1-E2 uses homologous recombination (HR) to facilitate DNA replication, but an understanding of host factors involved in this process remains incomplete. Previously, we demonstrated that the class III deacetylase SIRT1, which can regulate HR, is recruited to E1-E2-replicating DNA and regulates the level of replication. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT1 promotes the fidelity of E1-E2 replication and that the absence of SIRT1 results in reduced recruitment of the DNA repair protein Werner helicase (WRN) to E1-E2-replicating DNA. CRISPR/Cas9 editing demonstrates that WRN, like SIRT1, regulates the quantity and fidelity of E1-E2 replication. This is the first report of WRN regulation of E1-E2 DNA replication, or a role for WRN in the HPV life cycle. In the absence of SIRT1 there is an increased acetylation and stability of WRN, but a reduced ability to interact with E1-E2-replicating DNA. We present a model in which E1-E2 replication turns on the DDR, stimulating SIRT1 deacetylation of WRN. This deacetylation promotes WRN interaction with E1-E2-replicating DNA to control the quantity and fidelity of replication. As well as offering a crucial insight into HPV replication control, this system offers a unique model for investigating the link between SIRT1 and WRN in controlling replication in mammalian cells.IMPORTANCEHPV16 is the major viral human carcinogen responsible for between 3 and 4% of all cancers worldwide. Following infection, this virus activates the DNA damage response (DDR) to promote its life cycle and recruits DDR proteins to its replicating DNA in order to facilitate homologous recombination during replication. This promotes the production of viable viral progeny. Our understanding of how HPV16 replication interacts with the DDR remains incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that the cellular deacetylase SIRT1, which is a part of the E1-E2 replication complex, regulates recruitment of the DNA repair protein WRN to the replicating DNA. We demonstrate that WRN regulates the level and fidelity of E1-E2 replication. Overall, the results suggest a mechanism by which SIRT1 deacetylation of WRN promotes its interaction with E1-E2-replicating DNA to control the levels and fidelity of that replication.

scholarly journals Role of histone deacetylase 2 in epigenetics and cellular senescence: implications in lung inflammaging and COPD

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (7) ◽  
pp. L557-L566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Yao ◽  
Irfan Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 2 ◽  
Damage Response

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is a class I histone deacetylase that regulates various cellular processes, such as cell cycle, senescence, proliferation, differentiation, development, apoptosis, and glucocorticoid function in inhibiting inflammatory response. HDAC2 has been shown to protect against DNA damage response and cellular senescence/premature aging via an epigenetic mechanism in response to oxidative stress. These phenomena are observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). HDAC2 is posttranslationally modified by oxidative/carbonyl stress imposed by cigarette smoke and oxidants, leading to its reduction via an ubiquitination-proteasome dependent degradation in lungs of patients with COPD. In this perspective, we have discussed the role of HDAC2 posttranslational modifications and its role in regulation of inflammation, histone/DNA epigenetic modifications, DNA damage response, and cellular senescence, particularly in inflammaging, and during the development of COPD. We have also discussed the potential directions for future translational research avenues in modulating lung inflammaging and cellular senescence based on epigenetic chromatin modifications in diseases associated with increased oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Replication-Dependent DNA Damage Response Triggered by Roscovitine Induces an Uncoupling of DNA Replication Proteins

Cell Cycle ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 2153-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Savio ◽  
Michaela Cerri ◽  
Ornella Cazzalini ◽  
Paola Perucca ◽  
Lucia A. Stivala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Replication Proteins ◽  
Damage Response

RAS/MAPK signaling functions in oxidative stress, DNA damage response and cancer progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (9) ◽  
pp. 14951-14965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setareh Rezatabar ◽  
Ansar Karimian ◽  
Vahid Rameshknia ◽  
Hadi Parsian ◽  
Maryam Majidinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Damage Response ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Damage Response
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