The Theory of the Low-Pressure, High-Current Discharge Column: The Influence of the Degree of Ionization and of the Neutral Gas Temperature on the Radial Profiles of the Charged Particle Density, the Neutral Gas Density, and on the Electron Temperature

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-B. Valentini
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
High Current ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Discharge Column ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
High Current Discharge ◽  
Radial Profiles ◽  
Charged Particle Density

scholarly journals Explorer VIII satellite measurements in the upper ionosphere

1964 ◽  
Vol 281 (1387) ◽  
pp. 487-504 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Plasma Interaction ◽  
Ultra Violet Radiation ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
Charged Particle Density ◽  
Diurnal Maximum

This is a more extensive report than earlier publications on upper-ionospheric ion com position (Bourdeau, Donley, Whipple & Bauer 1962) and electron temperature (Serbu, Bourdeau & Donley 1961) and on spacecraft-plasma interaction (Bourdeau, Donley, Serbu & Whipple 1961), all measured by use of the Explorer VIII satellite. Results from an ion retarding potential experiment show that the upper ionospheric composition responds to the neutral gas temperature. Specifically, during the satellite’s active life (November-December 1960), O + ions predominated from the perigee altitude (425 km) up to about 800 km at night and 1500 km at diurnal maximum; the base of the helium ion region was located at 800 km during the sunrise period and at 1500 km in the day-time; the base of the protonosphere possibly was located at 1200 km during the sunrise period and above 1800 km at diurnal maximum. For the latitudes indicated, the electron temperature ( T e ) data which in this report are restricted to magnetically quiet days ( A p < 15) are consonant with current models of the diurnal electron density behaviour and with a hypothesis of solar ultra-violet radiation as the only ionizing agent. For the 6 h period centred at midnight, the average T e observed at altitudes of 425 to 600 km was 900 °K with a standard deviation of 150 °K. There were no anomalously high values and no significant change with magnetic dip (0 to 75° N). For the period 10 to 16 h d.m.t., at magnetic dips between 50 and 70° S and at altitudes between 1000 and 2400 km , the observed average T e was 1600 °K (s.d. 200 °K). The most pronounced feature of the measured diurnal variation is that T e exceeds the neutral gas temperature by a factor of about 2·5 during the sunrise period at 600 to 900 km . Suggestions are made for the explanation of differences between the Explorer VIII T e observations and other measurements. The measured satellite-plasma interaction is consistent with theoretical expectation lending confidence to the above-described geophysical results. The observed ‘average’ potential of the satellite varied from a few tenths of a volt negative at night, to zero when the measured day-time charged particle density was 104 cm -3 and thence to a few tenths of a volt positive for day-time densities of 103 cm -3 . Superimposed on the ‘average’ potential were potential gradients across the satellite skin, an effect produced by the movement of a conducting body through a magnetic field. The measured orientation sensitivity of three types of current flowing between the satellite and the ionosphere is described.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF OBTAINING THE PLAN OF EXPERIMENTS, WITH USING MODELS OF INTERACTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Normunds Kante ◽  
Juris Lavedels ◽  
N. Kriščuks
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Infinite Space ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Charged Particle Density

In this article a method of obtaining an experiment plan in a fragment of multidimensional space is analyzed and improved. The method is based on an assumption that particles will distribute evenly in an infinite space with constant charged particle density. To obtain the experiment plan, the infinite multidimensional space is replaced with a hypercube whose surface models influence of the surrounding infinite space. Software is developed and practical results in obtaining experiment plan in two-dimensional space are acquired. Two-dimensional space allows developing of a methodology and algorithm for obtaining experiment plan while providing a simple visualization of the solution. Acquired results in two-dimensional space give an opportunity to create methods for obtaining experiment plan in a hypercube of multidimensional space.

MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS OF CHARGED PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION IN 28Si-Ag/Br INTERACTION AT 14.5A GeV

Fractals ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MALI ◽  
A. MUKHOPADHYAY ◽  
G. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Quantum Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Particle Density Distribution ◽  
Charged Particle Density ◽  
Self Similar

The multifractal structure of one dimensional charged particle density distribution in 28 Si-Ag / Br interactions at 14.5 GeV per nucleon is investigated by using two different techniques. The experimental measurements are compared with a microscopic transport model of particle production based on the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD). Various parameters related to multifractality, for example the Lévy's index, are obtained. Our analysis shows that multifractal structure is present both in the experiment as well as in the simulation. As far as the self-similar nature of the density fluctuation is concerned, there exists, however, a small but definite quantitative difference between the two.

Charged particle density distributions in Au induced interactions with emulsion nuclei at 10.7 A GeV

1995 ◽  
Vol 352 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 472-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Adamovich ◽  
M.M. Aggarwal ◽  
Y.A. Alexandrov ◽  
R. Amirikas ◽  
N.P. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Charged Particle Density
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