scholarly journals Immunosenescent characteristics of T cells in young patients following haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from parental donors

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga Hye Lee ◽  
Kyung Taek Hong ◽  
Jung Yoon Choi ◽  
Hee Young Shin ◽  
Won‐Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation reduces abnormalities in the expression of immune genes in multiple sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra de Paula A. Sousa ◽  
Kelen C. R. Malmegrim ◽  
Rodrigo A. Panepucci ◽  
Doralina S. Brum ◽  
Amilton A. Barreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Relative Normalization

This study shows that autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation applied for treatment of multiple sclerosis induces a relative normalization of the expression of immune genes in T-cells from the patients, suggesting a ‘reset’ of adaptive cellular immunity.

scholarly journals Serotherapy as Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Keogh ◽  
Jean-Hugues Dalle ◽  
Rick Admiraal ◽  
Michael A. Pulsipher
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host

Serotherapy comprising agents such as anti-thymocyte globulin, anti-T-lymphocyte globulin, and the anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab is used widely to reduce the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The outcome of transplants using matched unrelated donors now approaches that of matched sibling donors. This is likely due to better disease control in recipients, the use of donors more closely human-leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched to recipients, and more effective graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. The price paid for reduced GvHD is slower immune reconstitution of T cells and thus more infections. This has led to studies looking to optimise the amount of serotherapy used. The balance between prevention of GvHD on one side and prevention of infections and relapse on the other side is quite delicate. Serotherapy is given with chemotherapy-/radiotherapy-based conditioning prior to HSCT. Due to their long half-lives, agents used for serotherapy may be detectable in patients well after graft infusion. This exposes the graft-infused T cells to a lympholytic effect, impacting T-cell recovery. As such, excessive serotherapy dosing may lead to no GvHD but a higher incidence of infections and relapse of leukaemia, while under-dosing may result in a higher chance of serious GvHD as immunity recovers more quickly. Individualised dosing is being developed through studies including retrospective analyses of serotherapy exposure, population pharmacokinetic modelling, therapeutic drug monitoring in certain centres, and the development of dosing models reliant on factors including the patient's peripheral blood lymphocyte count. Early results of “optimal” dosing strategies for serotherapy and conditioning chemotherapy show promise of improved overall survival.

scholarly journals Adoptive T Cell Therapy Strategies for Viral Infections in Patients Receiving Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Ottaviano ◽  
Robert Chiesa ◽  
Tobias Feuchtinger ◽  
Mark Vickers ◽  
Anne Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Direct Selection

Adverse outcomes following virus-associated disease in patients receiving allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have encouraged strategies to control viral reactivation in immunosuppressed patients. However, despite timely treatment with antiviral medication, some viral infections remain refractory to treatment, which hampers outcomes after HSCT, and are responsible for a high proportion of transplant-related morbidity and mortality. Adoptive transfer of donor-derived lymphocytes aims to improve cellular immunity and to prevent or treat viral diseases after HSCT. Early reports described the feasibility of transferring nonspecific lymphocytes from donors, which led to the development of cell therapy approaches based on virus-specific T cells, allowing a targeted treatment of infections, while limiting adverse events such as graft versus host disease (GvHD). Both expansion and direct selection techniques have yielded comparable results in terms of efficacy (around 70–80%), but efficacy is difficult to predict for individual cases. Generating bespoke products for each donor–recipient pair can be expensive, and there remains the major obstacle of generating products from seronegative or poorly responsive donors. More recent studies have focused on the feasibility of collecting and infusing partially matched third-party virus-specific T cells, reporting response rates of 60–70%. Future development of this approach will involve the broadening of applicability to multiple viruses, the optimization and cost-control of manufacturing, larger multicentred efficacy trials, and finally the creation of cell banks that can provide prompt access to virus-specific cellular product. The aim of this review is to summarise present knowledge on adoptive T cell manufacturing, efficacy and potential future developments.

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