Investigating targeted spring dead spot management via aerial mapping and precision‐guided fungicide applications

Spring Dead Spot and Burmudagrass Quality As Influenced by Nitrogen Source and Potassium

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183x003100060058x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 1674-1680 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

P. H. Dernoeden ◽

J. N. Crahay ◽

D. B. Davis

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Source ◽

Spring Dead Spot

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Aerial Mapping of Odorous Gases in a Wastewater Treatment Plant Using a Small Drone

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13091757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1757

Author(s):

Javier Burgués ◽

María Deseada Esclapez ◽

Silvia Doñate ◽

Laura Pastor ◽

Santiago Marco

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽

Sampling System ◽

Aerial Mapping ◽

Sensor Signals ◽

Current Monitoring ◽

Flexible Tubes

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are sources of greenhouse gases, hazardous air pollutants and offensive odors. These emissions can have negative repercussions in and around the plant, degrading the quality of life of surrounding neighborhoods, damaging the environment, and reducing employee’s overall job satisfaction. Current monitoring methodologies based on fixed gas detectors and sporadic olfactometric measurements (human panels) do not allow for an accurate spatial representation of such emissions. In this paper we use a small drone equipped with an array of electrochemical and metal oxide (MOX) sensors for mapping odorous gases in a mid-sized WWTP. An innovative sampling system based on two (10 m long) flexible tubes hanging from the drone allowed near-source sampling from a safe distance with negligible influence from the downwash of the drone’s propellers. The proposed platform is very convenient for monitoring hard-to-reach emission sources, such as the plant’s deodorization chimney, which turned out to be responsible for the strongest odor emissions. The geo-localized measurements visualized in the form of a two-dimensional (2D) gas concentration map revealed the main emission hotspots where abatement solutions were needed. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the multivariate sensor signals suggests that the proposed system can also be used to trace which emission source is responsible for a certain measurement.

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Spring Dead Spot Disease of Bermudagrass and Its Control

Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science ◽

10.2307/3627565 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

M. Q. Sayed ◽

H. K. Droegemeier ◽

M. J. Bohm

Keyword(s):

Spot Disease ◽

Spring Dead Spot

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Aerial Mapping and Unemployed Engineers

Science ◽

10.1126/science.78.2035.7-u ◽

1933 ◽

Vol 78 (2035) ◽

pp. 7-8

Keyword(s):

Aerial Mapping

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Multiplex End-Point PCR for the Detection of Three Species of Ophiosphaerella Causing Spring Dead Spot of Bermudagrass

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-18-1727-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (8) ◽

pp. 2010-2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Francisco Iturralde Martinez ◽

Francisco J. Flores ◽

Alma R. Koch ◽

Carla D. Garzón ◽

Nathan R. Walker

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Temperature Cycling ◽

Molecular Technique ◽

Correct Identification ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Spring Dead Spot ◽

End Point ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Species Specific

A multiplex end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for identifying the three-fungal species in the genus Ophiosphaerella that cause spring dead spot (SDS), a devastating disease of bermudagrass. These fungi are difficult to identify by morphology because they seldom produce pseudothecia. To achieve species-specific diagnosis, three pairs of primers were designed to identify fungal isolates and detect the pathogen in infected roots. The internal transcribed spacer region, the translation elongation factor 1-α, and the RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit were selected as targets and served as templates for the design of each primer pair. To achieve uniform melting temperatures, three to five random nucleotide extensions (flaps) were added to the 5′ terminus of some of the designed specific primers. Temperature cycling conditions and PCR components were standardized to optimize specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex reaction. Primers were tested in multiplex on DNA extracted from axenic fungal cultures and from field-collected infected and uninfected roots. A distinct amplicon was produced for each Ophiosphaerella sp. tested. The DNA from Ophiosphaerella close relatives and other common bermudagrass pathogens did not amplify during the multiplex assay. Metagenomic DNA from infected bermudagrass produced species-specific amplicons while DNA extracted from noninfected roots did not. This multiplex end-point PCR approach is a sensitive and specific molecular technique that allows for correct identification of SDS-associated Ophiosphaerella spp. from field-collected roots.

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