scholarly journals Aflatoxin accumulation in corn influenced by cultural practices in the U.S. Mid‐South

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Williams ◽  
W. B. Henry ◽  
J. S. Smith ◽  
N. W. Buehring ◽  
D. L. Boykin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Aflatoxin Accumulation ◽  
The U.S

Commentary Cultural Brokerage in the Newborn Nursery

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Lynn Deitrick
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Northeastern State ◽  
Cultural Brokerage ◽  
The U.S

Cultural issues play an important part in our daily lives. Often, the cultural practices of immigrants differ from those of the U.S. community in which they now live. The cultural misunderstandings that can result occur in a variety of situations. This is the story of one such misunderstanding that happened a few years ago at a small suburban hospital nursery in a northeastern state.

scholarly journals Aprendiendo y Sobresaliendo: Resilient Indigeneity & Yucatec-Maya youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Saskias Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Yucatec Maya ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Resilience Process ◽  
Protective Processes ◽  
Collective Resilience ◽  
The U.S

Relatively little research has focused on the experiences of students and families of Yucatec-Maya origin in the U.S., and even less has focused on Yucatec-Maya youth and resilience, a normative process of positive adaptation despite exposure to adversity. Using Critical Latinx Indigeneities, which centers on Indigeneity across multi-national spaces, sociohistorical colonialities, and migrations, this study examines how Indigenous identity, familial linguistic and cultural practices, and resilience processes relate to one another for 10 (three girls) California-based Yucatec-Maya students. Through interview data, the themes that emerge expose discrimination as one form of adversity Yucatec-Maya students experience. There are three overarching themes related to the students’ collective resilience process and the emergence of resilient Indigenous identities: 1) their lived, linguistic, familial, and community-based experiences; 2) familial support and academic resilience; and 3) transformational welcoming spaces. These protective processes contribute to the students’ agency in [re]defining their resilient Indigenous identities in the U.S. 

scholarly journals Sectoral Impacts of Invasive Species in the United States and Approaches to Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-229
Author(s):  
Anne S. Marsh ◽  
Deborah C. Hayes ◽  
Patrice N. Klein ◽  
Nicole Zimmerman ◽  
Alison Dalsimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Species Establishment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

AbstractInvasive species have a major effect on many sectors of the U.S. economy and on the well-being of its citizens. Their presence impacts animal and human health, military readiness, urban vegetation and infrastructure, water, energy and transportations systems, and indigenous peoples in the United States (Table 9.1). They alter bio-physical systems and cultural practices and require significant public and private expenditure for control. This chapter provides examples of the impacts to human systems and explains mechanisms of invasive species’ establishment and spread within sectors of the U.S. economy. The chapter is not intended to be comprehensive but rather to provide insight into the range and severity of impacts. Examples provide context for ongoing Federal programs and initiatives and support State and private efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive species and eradicate and control established invasive species.

scholarly journals Ranking Resistance of Buxus Cultivars to Boxwood Blight – an Integrated Analysis1

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Kramer ◽  
Yonghong Guo ◽  
Margaret Pooler
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Boxwood (Buxus L. spp., Buxaceae) are popular woody landscape shrubs grown for their diverse forms and broad-leaved evergreen foliage, with an estimated $126 million economic impact in the U.S. alone. Boxwood plants grown in temperate zones worldwide are now threatened by a destructive blight disease caused by the ascomycete fungi, Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae. While the disease can be mitigated somewhat through cultural practices and fungicides, the most sustainable long-term solution is the development of disease-resistant boxwood cultivars. Hundreds of boxwood accessions from the National Boxwood Collection at the U.S. National Arboretum were screened for resistance using a lab-based, detached-leaf assay. Initial comparisons of our results with those of multiple other disease resistance assays found inconsistent ranking of cultivar resistance among studies. We used a meta-analysis approach on compiled data from six studies and were able to produce a consistent ordering of cultivars sorted by their susceptibility to boxwood blight, despite the diversity in materials and methods of the studies. Index words: Boxwood, Calonectria pseudonaviculata, Cylindrocladium buxicola, meta-analysis, plant breeding, resistance screening. Species used in this study: Buxus bodinieri H. Lev.; B. harlandii Hance; B. microphylla Seibold & Zucc.; B. sempervirens L.; B. sinica var. insularis (Nakai) M. Cheng; B. wallichiana Baill.; Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Crous, J.Z. Groenew. & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard M.J. Wingf. & Crous 2010.

Occurrence of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) resistance in Virginia populations of Parastagonospora nodorum infecting wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Kaur ◽  
Chase Mullins ◽  
Nathan Michael Kleczewski ◽  
Hillary Laureen Mehl
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Cytochrome B Gene ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Parastagonospora Nodorum ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Qoi Resistance

Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) of wheat, caused by Parastagonospora nodorum, is managed using cultural practices, resistant varieties, and foliar fungicides. Frequent fungicide use can select for fungicide resistance, making certain chemistries less effective; this may in part explain increasing severity of SNB in the mid-Atlantic U.S. Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) resistance has been documented for a diversity of fungi, but it has not been reported for P. nodorum in the U.S. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate QoI sensitivity of P. nodorum from Virginia wheat fields, 2) screen P. nodorum for QoI target site mutations in the cytochrome b gene, and 3) develop a molecular assay to detect target site mutations associated with QoI resistance. Sensitivity of 16 isolates to pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin was evaluated with radial growth assays, and the cytochrome b gene was sequenced. One isolate was insensitive to both fungicides, and it had the G143A mutation in the cytochrome b gene. For azoxystrobin, 10 isolates without target site mutations had reduced sensitivity. Additional isolates (N=74) were sequenced, and seven had the G143A mutation; all seven isolates with the mutation had reduced sensitivity to pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin compared to a sensitive control isolate without the mutation. A pyrosequencing assay targeting G143A was developed as a rapid method to screen P. nodorum for the QoI resistance-conferring mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of QoI resistant P. nodorum in the U.S. Overall resistance frequency was low, but resistance management practices are needed to maintain the efficacy of fungicides for SNB control.

scholarly journals Bacterial Wilt of Dry-Edible Beans in the Central High Plains of the U.S.: Past, Present, and Future

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1665-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Harveson ◽  
Howard F. Schwartz ◽  
Carlos A. Urrea ◽  
C. Dean Yonts
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Past History ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Central High ◽  
The U.S

Bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, was first recognized and described as a new dry bean disease near Redfield, SD after the 1921 growing season on the farm of the Office of Forage Investigations. Between the late 1930s and the early 1950s it became one of the more problematic bacterial diseases of dry beans. It became an endemic problem in dry bean production throughout western Nebraska and other areas of the central high plains during the 1960s and early 1970s. By the early 1980s, the disease had virtually disappeared with the implementation of cultural practices. The disease was rediscovered in two fields in Nebraska late in the 2003 season. It was assumed to be an isolated incident. However, the next season the pathogen was widespread throughout western Nebraska production fields. Our research suggests that the return of bean wilt throughout the central high plains over the last decade is not due to a single factor but a combination of new changes in cultural practices, environmental stresses, and unfamiliarity with the pathogen and its past history.

scholarly journals Coral reefs are critical for our food supply, tourism, and ocean health. We can protect them from climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Hanny Rivera ◽  
Andrea Chan ◽  
Victoria Luu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Value Management ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Review Current ◽  
The U.S

As many as 1 billion people across the planet depend on coral reefs for food, coastal protection, cultural practices, and income [1, 2]. Corals, the animals that create these immensely biodiverse habitats, are particularly vulnerable to climate change and inadequately protected. Increasing ocean temperatures leave corals starved as they lose their primary source of food: the photosynthetic algae that live within their tissue. Ocean warming has been impacting coral reefs around the globe for decades, with the latest 2014-2016 heat stress event affecting more than 75% of the world’s corals [3, 4]. Here, we discuss the benefits humans derive from healthy reefs, the threats corals face, and review current policies and management efforts. We also identify management and policy gaps in preserving coral habitats. The gain and urgency of protecting coral reefs is evident from their vast economic and ecological value. Management and restoration efforts are growing across the globe, and many of these have been influential in mitigating local stressors to reefs such as overfishing, nutrient inputs, and water quality. However, the current trajectory of ocean temperatures requires sweeping global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to effectively safeguard the future of coral reefs. The U.S. should stand as a world leader in addressing climate change and in preserving one of the planet’s most valuable ecosystems.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing Homeland Security: The Texas Virtual BorderWatch and Participatory Citizenship

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
Participatory Citizenship ◽  
Citizen Soldiers ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The U.S

This paper investigates the development of a new logic of labor and surveillance: the application of Crowdsourcing, an approach of distributive, collaborative labor over web-based networks, to the defense of the U.S.-Mexico border. I explore this issue through the case of the Texas Virtual BorderWatch, a network of governmental web-based surveillance cameras mounted at the U.S.-Mexico Border that can be patrolled by anyone with an internet connection. Programs such as the Texas Virtual BorderWatch have proven to be neither particularly effective nor cost-efficient, yet they continue, leading the question of what other logics must justify the sustained funding of these types of programs? I argue that the crowdsourcing of border security represents a new trajectory in the approach to governance and surveillance under Neoliberalism, able to use the power of participatory platforms developed under Web 2.0 as tools to offload the responsibilities of surveillance and security from the state to the populace at little to no cost. Furthermore, the Texas Virtual BorderWatch creates participatory “citizen-soldiers” in the War on Terror, able to welcome the front lines of surveillance into the household, among the most private of spaces. Yet in each case, these practices serve as but one example of the type of decentralized, interactive experiments of reproducing power dynamics that are representative of the Neoliberal movement’s aim to politicize the cultural practices of everyday life.

scholarly journals Legacies of Place and Power: From Military Base to Freeport Zone

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Place Making ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Moral Discourses ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
The U.S

This article examines the place–making of global borderlands—semiautonomous, foreign–controlled geographical locations geared toward international exchange. I use the case study of the Subic Bay Freeport Zone (SBFZ), Philippines, as an example of a global borderland that resides within a space formerly occupied by a colonial power. I show how elite Filipinos adapted and transformed the spatial boundaries the U.S. military initially erected. The earlier boundaries differentiating Americans from Filipinos and military personnel from civilians helped the native elite to perpetuate familiar patterns of inequality based on nationality, class, and skin color. This differentiation occurs through: (1) the indirect and direct exclusion of the poor vis–à–vis the SBFZ's sociospatial organization and (2) the maintenance of cultural practices (litter, traffic) and moral discourses (of what is “good” and “bad”) formerly associated with the base, so that the SBFZ remains distinct from the surrounding city of Olongapo. Places of power have legacies, structural and spatial residues that continue to influence cultural practices and discourses even after the original uses of a place are transformed.

The new romantics: Authenticity, participation and the aesthetics of piracy

First Monday ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie Borschke
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Creative Expression ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Unauthorized Reproduction

The participatory, collaborative and open character of networked digital media is thought to disrupt and challenge romantic assumptions and ideals about authorship, authenticity and creative expression, concepts that underpin most copyright regimes. In this article I consider MP3 blogs in the mid-2000s, drawing on an earlier study of MP3 bloggers in the U.S. and U.K. (Borschke 2012a, 2012b). MP3 blogs, like Napster and other forms of unauthorized reproduction, are better understood as cultural practices and artifacts when considered alongside piracy’s long history. The aesthetic consequences and possibilities of forms of expression that are also methods of distribution, are clarified by identifying and examining a tension that connects MP3 blogging to other practices of unauthorized use: that is, the persistence of romantic ideals of creativity, authenticity and authorship even while seeming to deny and disregard them. By acknowledging the poetics of piracy practices (including the aesthetic character of distribution and replication) we can begin to understand how new authenticities build up around networked expression and how the meaning of networked forms of expression, formats, practices and artifacts can change over time.

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