scholarly journals In Vitro Generation of Posterior Motor Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Wind ◽  
Anestis Tsakiridis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

scholarly journals Generating Diverse Spinal Motor Neuron Subtypes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickie Patani
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Neuronal Diversification

Resolving the mechanisms underlying human neuronal diversification remains a major challenge in developmental and applied neurobiology. Motor neurons (MNs) represent a diverse pool of neuronal subtypes exhibiting differential vulnerability in different human neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The ability to predictably manipulate MN subtype lineage restriction from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) will form the essential basis to establishing accurate, clinically relevantin vitrodisease models. I first overview motor neuron developmental biology to provide some context for reviewing recent studies interrogating pathways that influence the generation of MN diversity. I conclude that motor neurogenesis from PSCs provides a powerful reductionist model system to gain insight into the developmental logic of MN subtype diversification and serves more broadly as a leading exemplar of potential strategies to resolve the molecular basis of neuronal subclass differentiation within the nervous system. These studies will in turn permit greater mechanistic understanding of differential MN subtype vulnerability usingin vitrohuman disease models.

Mini Review; Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Oocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaifang Wang ◽  
Maryam Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Oocyte ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is one of the main diseases causing female infertility that occurs in about 1% of women between 30-40 years of age. There are few effective methods for the treatment of women with POI. In the past few years, stem cell-based therapy as one of the most highly investigated new therapies has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of POI. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into any type of cell. Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) as a type of pluripotent stem cells are the most powerful candidate for the treatment of POI. Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) are derived from adult somatic cells by the treatment with exogenous defined factors to create an embryonic-like pluripotent state. Both hiPSCs and hESCs can proliferate and give rise to ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal, and germ cell lineages. After ovarian stimulation, the number of available oocytes is limited and the yield of total oocytes with high quality is low. Therefore, a robust and reproducible in-vitro culture system that supports the differentiation of human oocytes from PSCs is necessary. Very few studies have focused on the derivation of oocyte-like cells from hiPSCs and the details of hPSCs differentiation into oocytes have not been fully investigated. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the differentiation potential of hPSCs into human oocyte-like cells.

scholarly journals Establishing a deeper understanding of the osteogenic differentiation of monolayer cultured human pluripotent stem cells using novel and detailed analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Jia-Min Shi ◽  
Jing-E Song ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Hong-Jiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Alizarin Red

Abstract Background Derivation of osteoblast-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a popular topic in bone tissue engineering. Although many improvements have been achieved, the low induction efficiency because of spontaneous differentiation hampers their applications. To solve this problem, a detailed understanding of the osteogenic differentiation process of hPSCs is urgently needed. Methods Monolayer cultured human embryonic stem cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated in commonly applied serum-containing osteogenic medium for 35 days. In addition to traditional assays such as cell viability detection, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and alizarin red staining, we also applied studies of cell counting, cell telomerase activity, and flow cytometry as essential indicators to analyse the cell type changes in each week. Results The population of differentiated cells was quite heterogeneous throughout the 35 days of induction. Then, cell telomerase activity and cell cycle analyses have value in evaluating the cell type and tumourigenicity of the obtained cells. Finally, a dynamic map was made to integrate the analysis of these results during osteogenic differentiation of hPSCs, and the cell types at defined stages were concluded. Conclusions Our results lay the foundation to improve the in vitro osteogenic differentiation efficiency of hPSCs by supplementing with functional compounds at the desired stage, and then establishing a stepwise induction system in the future.

scholarly journals Hematopoietic specification from human pluripotent stem cells: current advances and challenges toward de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (25) ◽  
pp. 4035-4046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor I. Slukvin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic Development ◽  
Cellular Pathways

Abstract Significant advances in cellular reprogramming technologies and hematopoietic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have already enabled the routine production of multiple lineages of blood cells in vitro and opened novel opportunities to study hematopoietic development, model genetic blood diseases, and manufacture immunologically matched cells for transfusion and cancer immunotherapy. However, the generation of hematopoietic cells with robust and sustained multilineage engraftment has not been achieved. Here, we highlight the recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular pathways leading to blood development from hPSCs and discuss potential approaches that can be taken to facilitate the development of technologies for de novo production of hematopoietic stem cells.

scholarly journals Modulating cell state to enhance suspension expansion of human pluripotent stem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (25) ◽  
pp. 6369-6374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Y. Lipsitz ◽  
Curtis Woodford ◽  
Ting Yin ◽  
Jacob H. Hanna ◽  
Peter W. Zandstra
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Pancreatic Progenitors ◽  
Erk Inhibition

The development of cell-based therapies to replace missing or damaged tissues within the body or generate cells with a unique biological activity requires a reliable and accessible source of cells. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have emerged as a strong candidate cell source capable of extended propagation in vitro and differentiation to clinically relevant cell types. However, the application of hPSC in cell-based therapies requires overcoming yield limitations in large-scale hPSC manufacturing. We explored methods to convert hPSC to alternative states of pluripotency with advantageous bioprocessing properties, identifying a suspension-based small-molecule and cytokine combination that supports increased single-cell survival efficiency, faster growth rates, higher densities, and greater expansion than control hPSC cultures. ERK inhibition was found to be essential for conversion to this altered state, but once converted, ERK inhibition led to a loss of pluripotent phenotype in suspension. The resulting suspension medium formulation enabled hPSC suspension yields 5.7 ± 0.2-fold greater than conventional hPSC in 6 d, for at least five passages. Treated cells remained pluripotent, karyotypically normal, and capable of differentiating into all germ layers. Treated cells could also be integrated into directed differentiated strategies as demonstrated by the generation of pancreatic progenitors (NKX6.1+/PDX1+ cells). Enhanced suspension-yield hPSC displayed higher oxidative metabolism and altered expression of adhesion-related genes. The enhanced bioprocess properties of this alternative pluripotent state provide a strategy to overcome cell manufacturing limitations of hPSC.

scholarly journals Modeling Type 1 Diabetes In Vitro Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 107894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara C. Leite ◽  
Elad Sintov ◽  
Torsten B. Meissner ◽  
Michael A. Brehm ◽  
Dale L. Greiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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