scholarly journals Analysis of Neuro‐Neuronal Synapses Using Embryonic Chick Ciliary Ganglion via Single‐Axon Tracing, Electrophysiology, and Optogenetic Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. e64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Egawa ◽  
Hiromu Yawo
Keyword(s):  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Neuronal Synapses ◽  
Single Axon ◽  
Axon Tracing

scholarly journals The Fine Structure of Synapses in the Ciliary Ganglion of the Chick

1960 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. de Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Single Axon ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electron Microscope Image

Ciliary ganglia of chick embryos and newly hatched chicks were examined in the light and electron microscopes. Particular attention was given to the fine structure of calyciform synapses, which are characteristically found in ciliary ganglia of birds. The calyciform endings are characterized by large expansions of the presynaptic axons upon ganglion cells, and the terminal processes extend over a considerable area of the cell surface. Often, indeed they appear to envelop the cell. In the electron microscope image, the appositional membranes are separated by a space about 300 to 400 A wide; i.e., the synaptic cleft. At irregularly spaced regions, the appositional membranes show areas of increased density. The presynaptic processes contain clusters of synaptic vesicles, localized at these dense regions. Thus the fine structure complex typical of other synapses is evident. The unique structural features of this synapse are as follows: (a) The calyx or presynaptic terminal derives from a single axon, does not arborize, and terminates upon a single ganglion cell. Thus, unlike the classical bouton terminal, this represents an anatomical device for firing single cells by single axons. (b) The surface area in contiguity, i.e., the area of appositional membranes, is far more extensive than the bouton terminal. The fine structure of this synapse is compared with others, for example, the classical boutons terminaux and purely electrical synapses, in an attempt to correlate fine structure with function.

scholarly journals Calcium Signals Activated by Arachidonic Acid in Embryonic Chick Ciliary Ganglion Neurons

Neurosignals ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Erriquez ◽  
Alessandra Gilardino ◽  
Paolo Ariano ◽  
Luca Munaron ◽  
Davide Lovisolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Calcium Signals ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Single-axon tracing study of neurons of the external segment of the globus pallidus in primate

2000 ◽  
Vol 417 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumi Sato ◽  
Philippe Lavall�e ◽  
Martin L�vesque ◽  
Andr� Parent
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Single Axon ◽  
Axon Tracing

scholarly journals Ultrastructural differences during embryonic cell death in normal and peripherally deprived ciliary ganglia.

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Pilar ◽  
L Landmesser
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Neuron Death ◽  
Nuclear Changes ◽  
Peripheral Synapse ◽  
Related Proteins

Normally occurring neuron death and that brought about by prior removal of the peripheral target organ was studied ultrastructurally in embryonic chick ciliary ganglion in order to better understand the mechanism of cell death in this system. Before the period of cell death, all neurons in the normal ganglion developed a well-organized rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) which coincided with peripheral synapse formation. None of the peripherally deprived neurons underwent this change, suggesting that some interaction with the periphery, possibly synapse formation, triggered them into the secretory state. Cell death in peripherally deprived neurons was signalled by nuclear changes followed by freeing of ribosomes from polysomes and RER and presumably cessation of protein synthesis. In contrast, normal cell death was brought about by dilation of the RER with eventual cytoplasmic disruption, nuclear changes appearing only secondarily. It is suggested that failure to form or maintain peripheral synapses could result in the accumulation of transmission-related proteins with consequent cisternal dilation, and eventual cell death.

Synaptogenesis in the embryonic chick ciliary ganglion – a brainbow study

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e135-e136
Author(s):  
Ryo Egawa ◽  
Shoko Hososhima ◽  
Toru Ishizuka ◽  
Harukazu Nakamura ◽  
Hiromu Yawo
Keyword(s):  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Embryonic Chick

Single-axon tracing study of thalamocortical projections arising from the motor nuclei of the rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S34
Author(s):  
Eriko Kuramoto ◽  
Takahiro Furuta ◽  
Kouichi Nakamura ◽  
Hiroyuki Hioki ◽  
Tomo Unzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Axon ◽  
Thalamocortical Projections ◽  
Motor Nuclei ◽  
Axon Tracing
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