scholarly journals Wallace's unfinished business: The ?Other Man? in evolutionary theory

Complexity ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unfinished Business

The Continuum of Conscientiousness: The Antagonistic Interests among Obsessive and Antisocial Personalities

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Hertler
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract The five factor trait of conscientiousnessis a supertrait, denoting on one hand a pattern of excessive labor, rigidity, orderliness and compulsivity,and on the other hand a pattern of strict rectitude, scrupulosity, dutifulness and morality. In both respects the obsessive-compulsive personality is conscientious; indeed, it has been labeled a disorder of extreme conscientiousness (Widiger et al., 2009). Antisocial personality disorder, in the present paper, is described as occupying the opposite end of the conscientiousness continuum. The antisocial is impulsive rather than compulsive, illicit rather than licit, and furtive rather than forthright.After clinically comparing the obsessive and antisocial personalities, the present paper invokes evolutionary theory to explain their resultant behavioral, ideological, political and demographic differences.

Philosophy or Auto-Anthropology?

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Dennett ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Experimental Physics ◽  
Timothy Williamson ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Armchair Philosophy

Timothy Williamson is mainly right, I think. He defends armchair philosophy as a variety of armchair science, like mathematics, or computer modeling in evolutionary theory, economics, statistics, and I agree that this is precisely what philosophy is, at its best: working out the assumptions and implications of any serious body of thought, helping everyone formulate the best questions to ask, and then leaving the empirical work to the other sciences. Philosophy – at its best – is to other inquiries roughly as theoretical physics is to experimental physics. You can do it in the armchair, but you need to know a lot about the phenomena with which the inquiry deals.

Testing and Evolutionary Theory

1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Morris Opler
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technological Means

Not long ago Betty Meggers undertook to demonstrate, on the basis of Apache data, … that all cultures are composed of three general classes of phenomena: technology, social organization, and philosophy. Of these, technology is primary and determines the content and form of the other two components . . . The content of any particular culture depends on the amount of energy that can be controlled and the efficiency of the technological means of putting this energy to use.

Investors and Exploiters in Ecology and Economics

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Cancerous Cells

In the natural world, some agents (investors) employ strategies that provide resources, services, or information while others (exploiters) achieve gain through these efforts. Such behavior coexists and is observable in many species at many levels: from bacteria which depend on the existence of biofilms to synthesize constituent proteins; to cancerous cells which employ angiogenesis in tumors; to parents who forego vaccinating their children yet benefit from herd immunity; to countries’ actions in the handling of greenhouse gases. To analyze such behavior, two independent research traditions have developed in parallel—one couched in evolutionary theory championed by behavioral ecologists, the other in the social sciences advocated by economists. This book looks for commonalities in understanding and approach, in an effort to spur research into this widespread phenomenon.

scholarly journals A Critic to Darwinian Theory on Resources Scarcity on the Basis of Quranic Verses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ramezan Mahdavi Azadboni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Resource ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

One of the important components in the theory of the evolution of species is the idea of natural selection. The question is, are the assumptions of the subject in the idea of natural selection compatible with the religious conception of nature and the world around? In this study, the author will discover on the base of Quranic verses that how the theory of biological resource scarcity as one of the basic assumptions in the idea of natural selection conflicts with the Qur'anic interpretation regarding nature. If we can show the lack of credibility and inaccuracy of the idea of the biological resources scarcity and the inappropriateness of biological resources with the needs of the creatures-as one of the assumptions underlying evolutionary theory-in this case, an important step has been to distort the above-mentioned theorem. In the Holy Qur'an, traits such as selfishness are often warned that are considered as the basis of excesses leads to poverty and shortages. Quraanic promises according to which righteous individuals will govern on earth, on the one hand, and the divine promise of securing the living of the beings on the other hand effectively challenges the idea of natural selection.

5. Science

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Triangular Model ◽  
Taste And Smell

Scientific scrutiny of love cannot reduce it to mere physical processes. Other perspectives are needed to explain why these mechanisms exist in the first place and what role they play in our lives: evolutionary theory, anthropology, psychology, and sociology. ‘Science’ considers several observations and typologies, from sociologist John Alan Lee’s six basic styles or ‘colours of love’ and psychologist Robert Sternberg’s ‘triangular model’ of love to psychologist Helen Fisher’s three syndromes of love—lust, limerence, and attachment. Brain imaging technology and scientists studying neurotransmitters that are implicated in feelings of love and the molecules that are transmitted from one person to the other through taste and smell are expanding our understanding of love.

The Cradle of Humankind

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-134
Author(s):  
Geoff Kushnick
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Dual Inheritance Theory ◽  
Cradle Of Humankind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dual Inheritance

This chapter explores the relationship between parenting and technology from an evolutionary perspective. The exploration is organized around the “three styles” framework for understanding and differentiating between the three major evolutionary approaches to the study of human behavior: evolutionary psychology, human behavioral ecology, and dual inheritance theory. For each of these evolutionary approaches, the chapter provides two examples of the relationship between parenting and technology, one related to childbearing and the other related to childrearing. Is the evolutionary approach a useful one to understand this relationship? First, although each has as its focus the application of evolutionary theory to the study of human behavior, each of the three styles brings a different set of assumptions and priorities. Second, an evolutionary perspective points to specific, and theoretically justified, behavioral concomitants of technological change.

The Twenty-Fourth Session of the International Law Commission

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Unfinished Business ◽  
Complete Work ◽  
State Succession ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Fourth Session ◽  
Law Commission

The agenda that faced the International Law Commission at the first meeting of the 24th session on May 2, 1972, was a formidable one. The 23rd session in 1971, despite an extension to fourteen weeks in place of the usual ten, had been able to complete work on the draft articles on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations only by concentrating on that subject to the substantial exclusion of other topics. As a consequence the Commission had not made any real progress on the other active subjects before it, which included State Succession in respect of treaties and in respect of matters other than treaties, as divide between two Special Rapporteurs, State Responsibility, the Most-Favoured-Nation Clause, and Treaty Law of International Organizations. In addition, the Commission had before it another piece of unfinished business, the review of its longterm program of work in light of the wide-ranging and thoughtful “Survey of International Law” which had been prepared in 1971 by the U.N. Secretariat at the Commission request.

scholarly journals Cheating can stabilize cooperation in mutualisms

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1598) ◽  
pp. 2233-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Foster ◽  
Hanna Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Partner Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Lek Paradox ◽  
The Face ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selective Incentive

Mutualisms present a challenge for evolutionary theory. How is cooperation maintained in the face of selection for selfishness and cheating? Both theory and data suggest that partner choice, where one species preferentially directs aid to the more cooperative members of the other species, is central to cooperation in many mutualisms. However, the theory has only so far considered the evolutionary effects of partner choice on one of the species in a mutualism in isolation. Here, we investigate the co-evolution of cooperation and choice in a choosy host and its symbiont. Our model reveals that even though choice and cooperation may be initially selected, it will often be unstable. This is because choice reduces variation in the symbiont and, therefore, tends to remove the selective incentive for its own maintenance (a scenario paralleled in the lek paradox in female choice and policing in within-species cooperation). However, we also show that when variability is reintroduced into symbionts each generation, in the form of less cooperative individuals, choice is maintained. This suggests that the presence of cheaters and cheater species in many mutualisms is central to the maintenance of partner choice and, paradoxically, cooperation itself.

scholarly journals Artificial Selection on Storage Protein 1 Contributes to Increase of Hatchability during Silkworm Domestication

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Zhu ◽  
Lizhi Wang ◽  
Cencen Li ◽  
Yong Cui ◽  
Man Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eggshell Formation ◽  
Wild Allele ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Silkworm Genome ◽  
Peptide Biosynthesis ◽  
Wild Silkworm

AbstractLike other domesticates, efficient utilization of nitrogen resource is also important for the domestic insect, the silkworm. Deciphering how artificial selection act on silkworm genome for improved utilization of nitrogen resource and further human-favored domestication traits will provide unique cues from the insect scenario for understanding general rules of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on domestication. Storage proteins (SP), which belong to a hemocyanin superfamily, basically serve as a source of amino acids and nitrogen during metamorphosis and reproduction in insects. Here through genomic search and further screening of artificial selection signature on silkworm SPs, we discovered a candidate domestication gene, i.e. the methionine-rich storage protein1 (SP1), which is uniquely diverged from the others and showed increased expression in the ova of domestic silkworms. Knockout of SP1 via CRISPR/Cas9 approach resulted in dramatic decrease in egg hatchability, without obvious impact on egg production, which was similar to the case in the wild silkworm compared with domestic one. Larval development or metamorphosis were not affected by SP1 knockout. Comprehensive ova comparative transcriptomes indicated a general repression of gene expression, specifically vitellogenin, chorion proteins and structural component proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM)-interaction pathway, as well as enzymes in folate biosynthesis, in both the mutant and the wild silkworm with the mutated allele, compared to the wild type domestic silkworm. Wild silkworms with the wild allele also showed generally down-regulated expression of genes enriched in structural constituent of ribosome and amide and peptide biosynthesis. This study exemplified a novel case that artificial selection could directly act on nitrogen resource protein to affect egg nutrient and eggshell formation, and activate ribosome for improved biosynthesis and increased hatchability during domestication. The findings shed new light on both understanding of artificial selection and silkworm breeding from the angle of nitrogen and amino acid resource.Author summaryLike other domesticates, nitrogen resource is also important for the domestic insect, the silkworm. Deciphering how artificial selection act on silkworm genome for improved utilization of nitrogen resource and further human-favored domestication traits, will provide unique cues from insect scenario, for understanding general rules of Darwin’s evolutionary theory. However, mechanism of domestication in the silkworm is largely unknown to date. Here we focused on one important nitrogen resource, i.e, the storage proteins (SP). We discovered that the methionine-rich storage protein1 (SP1) which is divergent from the other SPs are the only target of the artificial selection. We proposed based on functional evidence together with the key findings of comprehensive comparative transcriptome, that artificial selection, on one hand favored higher expression of SP1 in the domestic silkworm, which would subsequently up-regulate the genes or pathways vital for egg development and eggshell formation. On the other hand, artificial selection consistently favored activated ribosome activities and improved amide and peptide biosynthesis and in the ova, as it might act in the silk gland for increased silk-cocoon yield. We here exemplified a novel case that artificial selection could directly act on nitrogen resource protein for human desired domestication trait.

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