Intercellular Communication in the Islet of Langerhans in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 2191-2225
Author(s):  
Xue W. Ng ◽  
Yong H. Chung ◽  
David W. Piston
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Islet Of Langerhans ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and Rho GTPases in the biogenesis of tunnelling nanotubes: implications in disease and therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinaya Raghavan ◽  
Pooja Rao ◽  
Jiri Neuzil ◽  
Dean L. Pountney ◽  
Sangeeta Nath
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy ◽  
Mediate Cell ◽  
Cellular Stresses ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractTunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are an emerging route of long-range intercellular communication that mediate cell-to-cell exchange of cargo and organelles and contribute to maintaining cellular homeostasis by balancing diverse cellular stresses. Besides their role in intercellular communication, TNTs are implicated in several ways in health and disease. Transfer of pathogenic molecules or structures via TNTs can promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer malignancy, and the spread of viral infection. Additionally, TNTs contribute to acquiring resistance to cancer therapy, probably via their ability to rescue cells by ameliorating various pathological stresses, such as oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic stress. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells play a crucial role in the rejuvenation of targeted cells with mitochondrial heteroplasmy and oxidative stress by transferring healthy mitochondria through TNTs. Recent research has focussed on uncovering the key regulatory molecules involved in the biogenesis of TNTs. However further work will be required to provide detailed understanding of TNT regulation. In this review, we discuss possible associations with Rho GTPases linked to oxidative stress and apoptotic signals in biogenesis pathways of TNTs and summarize how intercellular trafficking of cargo and organelles, including mitochondria, via TNTs plays a crucial role in disease progression and also in rejuvenation/therapy.

Sources, isolation strategies and therapeutic outcome of exosomes at a glance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2361-2378
Author(s):  
Antara Banerjee ◽  
Samatha M Jain ◽  
Syed S Abrar ◽  
Makalakshmi M Kumar ◽  
Christina Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted great attention due to their known role in facilitating intercellular communication in a diverse range of cellular processes. In the 30 years since the discovery of exosomes, a class of EV, they have gone from being considered a cellular waste disposal mechanism to an important aspect of cell-to-cell communication. The exponential interest in exosomes in recent years is due to their key role in health and disease and their potential clinical application in therapy and diagnosis. This review aims to provide an updated picture of the sources, isolation methods, therapeutic outcomes and current application of EVs, in particular exosomes.

Direct Intercellular Communication in Health and Disease: An Overview

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Green
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Health And Disease

Direct intercellular communication (cell to cell coupling) is a mechanism for the local transit of information between cells and supplements the endocrine and nervous systems. Electrophysiological, biochemical, histological and cell culture techniques have established the widespread existence of coupling in mammalian tissues, and the importance of the gap junction has been recognised. Information is carried in the form of ions and small molecules between cells, and sensitive apparatus exists within each cell for controlling the permeability of the junctional membrane. The system may be important in the control and co-ordination of cellular metabolism and growth in the embryo and in adult tissues. Disorders of direct intercellular communication may be important in the pathogenesis of some diseases, in particular cancer.

scholarly journals Dictyostelium: A Model for Studying the Extracellular Vesicle Messengers Involved in Human Health and Disease

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irène Tatischeff
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Almost All

Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly uncovered messengers for intercellular communication. They are released by almost all cell types in the three kingdoms, Archeabacteria, Bacteria and Eukaryotes. They are known to mediate important biological functions and to be increasingly involved in cell physiology and in many human diseases, especially in oncology. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the current knowledge about EVs and to summarize our pioneering work about Dictyostelium discoideum EVs. However, many challenges remain unsolved in the EV research field, before any EV application for theranostics (diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy) of human cancers, can be efficiently implemented in the clinics. Dictyostelium might be an outstanding eukaryotic cell model for deciphering the utmost challenging problem of EV heterogeneity, and for unraveling the still mostly unknown mechanisms of their specific functions as mediators of intercellular communication.

scholarly journals Connexins: Synthesis, Post-Translational Modifications and Trafficking in Health and Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Aasen ◽  
Scott Johnstone ◽  
Laia Vidal-Brime ◽  
K. Sabrina Lynn ◽  
Michael Koval
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Transmembrane Proteins ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Connexin Gene ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function

Connexins are tetraspan transmembrane proteins that form gap junctions and facilitate direct intercellular communication, a critical feature for the development, function and homeostasis of tissues and organs. In addition, a growing number of gap junction-independent functions are being ascribed to these proteins. The connexin gene family is under extensive regulation at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, and undergoes numerous modifications at the protein level, including phosphorylation, which ultimately affects their trafficking, stability and function. Here, we summarize these key regulatory events, with emphasis on how these affect their multi-functionality in health and disease.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

The Laryngeal Epithelium in Reflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Erickson-Levendoski ◽  
Mahalakshmi Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The epithelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of laryngeal health. This is evident in that laryngeal disease may result when the integrity of the epithelium is compromised by insults such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this article, we will review the structure and function of the laryngeal epithelium and summarize the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the epithelium. Research investigating the ramifications of reflux on the epithelium has improved our understanding of laryngeal disease associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. It further highlights the need for continued research on the laryngeal epithelium in health and disease.

Studies on Gastric Mucus in Health and Disease

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lansing C. Hoskins ◽  
Norman Zamcheck
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Health And Disease

A Method for the Colorimetric Determination of β-Glucuronidase in Urine, Serum, Tissue; Assay of Enzymatic Activity in Health and Disease

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius A. Goldbarg ◽  
Esteban P. Pineda ◽  
Benjamin M. Banks ◽  
Alexander M. Rutenburg
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Urine Serum
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