scholarly journals The Dystrophin Complex: Structure, Function, and Implications for Therapy

2015 ◽  
pp. 1223-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Q. Gao ◽  
Elizabeth M. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Dystrophin Complex

scholarly journals Structure-Function Analysis of Immune Receptor AtRLP23 with Its Ligand nlp20 and Coreceptors AtSOBIR1 and AtBAK1

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1038-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Albert ◽  
Lisha Zhang ◽  
Hannah Bemm ◽  
Thorsten Nürnberger
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Inherent Feature

Pattern-triggered immunity is an inherent feature of the plant immune system. Recognition of either microbe-derived surface structures (patterns) or of plant materials released due to the deleterious impact of microbial infection is brought about by plasma membrane pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) ectodomains are thought to mediate sensing of proteinaceous patterns and to initiate signaling cascades culminating in the activation of generic plant defenses. In contrast to LRR receptor kinases, LRR receptor proteins (LRR-RPs) lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain for initiation of downstream signal transduction. LRR-RPs form heteromeric constitutive, ligand-independent complexes with coreceptor SOBIR1. Upon ligand binding to LRR-RPs, recruitment of coreceptor SERK3/BAK1 results in formation of a ternary PRR complex. Structure-function analysis of LRR-RP-type PRRs is missing. AtRLP23 constitutes an LRR-RP PRR that mediates recognition of a peptide motif (nlp20) found in numerous bacterial, fungal, and oomycete necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs). We here report the use of a series of AtRLP23 variants to decipher subdomains required for ligand binding and interaction with coreceptors AtSOBIR1 and AtBAK1, respectively. Deletion of LRR1 or LRR3 subdomains efficiently abrogated the ability of AtRLP23 receptor variants to confer nlp20 pattern sensitivity, to bind nlp20, and to recruit AtBAK1 into a ternary PRR complex. This suggests that the very N-terminal part of the AtRLP23 ectodomain is crucial for receptor function. Deletion of the intracellular 17-amino-acid tail of AtRLP23 reduced but did not abolish receptor function, suggesting an auxiliary role of this domain in receptor function. We further found that interaction of AtRLP23 and other LRR-RP-type PRRs with AtSOBIR1 does not require the AtRLP23 LRR ectodomain but is brought about by a GxxxG protein dimerization motif in the transmembrane domain and a stretch of negatively charged glutamic acid residues in the outer juxtamembrane domain of the receptor. Further, AtRLP23 levels were found to be unaltered in Atsobir1-1 mutant genotypes, suggesting that AtSOBIR1 does not act as a protein scaffold in stabilizing LRR-RP-type PRRs in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Neuroplasticity Following Bilateral Vestibular Loss: A Longitudinal [18F]-UCB-H/[18F]-FDG Dual Tracer Rat Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Antons ◽  
Magdalena Lindner ◽  
Maximilian Grosch ◽  
Rosel Oos ◽  
Giovanna Palumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Locomotor Training ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Bilateral Vestibular Loss ◽  
Functional Neuroplasticity ◽  
Dual Tracer

Abstract Neuronal lesions trigger mechanisms of structural and functional neuroplasticity, which can support recovery. However, the temporal and spatial appearance of structure-function changes and their interrelation remain unclear. The current study aimed to directly compare serial whole-brain in vivo measurements of functional plasticity (by [18F]-FDG-PET) and structural synaptic plasticity (by [18F]-UCB-H-PET) before and after bilateral labyrinthectomy in rats and investigate the effect of locomotor training. Complex structure-function changes were found after bilateral labyrinthectomy: in brainstem-cerebellar circuits, regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) decreased early, followed by reduced synaptic density. In the thalamus, increased [18F]-UCB-H binding preceded a higher rCGM uptake. In frontal-basal ganglia loops, an increase in synaptic density was paralleled by a decrease in rCGM. In the group with locomotor training, thalamic rCGM and [18F]-UCB-H binding increased following bilateral labyrinthectomy compared to the no training group. Rats with training had relatively fewer body rotations. In conclusion, combined [18F]-FDG/[18F]-UCB-H dual tracer imaging reveals that adaptive neuroplasticity after bilateral vestibular loss is not a uniform process but is composed of complex spatial and temporal patterns of structure-function coupling in networks for vestibular, multisensory, and motor control, which can be modulated by early physical training.

Describing Complex Structure-Function Relationships in Biomolecules at Equilibrium

2020 ◽  
Vol 432 (7) ◽  
pp. 1926-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin J. Allert ◽  
Homme W. Hellinga
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Complex Structure

Platinum loaded tin dioxide: a model system for unravelling the interplay between heterogeneous catalysis and gas sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2034-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Degler ◽  
Sabrina A. Müller ◽  
Dmitry E. Doronkin ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Model System

The presented work unravels the complex structure–function-relationships of Pt-loaded SnO2, namely the sensitization by a Fermi-control mechanism and relation of catalytic activity and gas sensing effect.

scholarly journals Interrogation of Mammalian Protein Complex Structure, Function, and Membership Using Genome-Scale Fitness Screens

Cell Systems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-568.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Pan ◽  
Robin M. Meyers ◽  
Brittany C. Michel ◽  
Nazar Mashtalir ◽  
Ann E. Sizemore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
Mammalian Protein

Nuclear pore complex: structure, function, and regulation.

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Miller ◽  
M K Park ◽  
J A Hanover
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Nuclear Pore

The Nuclear Pore Complex: Structure, Function, and Dynamics

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M. Kiseleva ◽  
Martin W. Goldberg ◽  
Janet Cronshaw ◽  
Terence D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Nuclear Pore
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