Color information coding of horizontal-cell responses in fish retina

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenkichi Fukurotani
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Information Coding ◽  
Color Information ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Fish Retina

Plasticity of cone horizontal cell functioning in cyprinid fish retina: effects of background illumination of moderate intensity

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. A. Djamgoz ◽  
J. E. G. Downing ◽  
M. Kirsch ◽  
D. J. Prince ◽  
H. -J. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Cyprinid Fish ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Background Illumination ◽  
Fish Retina

Depletion of retinal dopamine does not affect the ERG b-wave increment threshold function in goldfish in vivo

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Shi Lin ◽  
Stephen Yazulla
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Threshold Function ◽  
Photopic Vision ◽  
Threshold Functions ◽  
Increment Threshold ◽  
Intensity Response ◽  
Purkinje Shift ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Fish Retina

AbstractIncrement threshold functions of the electroretinogram (ERG) b–wave were obtained from goldfish using an in vivo preparation to study intraretinal mechanisms underlying the increase in perceived brightness induced by depletion of retinal dopamine by 6–hydroxydopamine (6–OHDA). Goldfish received unilateral intraocular injections of 6–OHDA plus pargyline on successive days. Depletion of retinal dopamine was confirmed by the absence of tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactivity at 2 to 3 weeks postinjection as compared to sham-injected eyes from the same fish. There was no difference among normal, sham-injected or 6–OHDA-injected eyes with regard to ERG waveform, intensity-response functions or increment threshold functions. Dopamine-depleted eyes showed a Purkinje shift, that is, a transition from rod-to-cone dominated vision with increasing levels of adaptation. We conclude (1) dopamine-depleted eyes are capable of photopic vision; and (2) the ERG b–wave is not diagnostic for luminosity coding at photopic backgrounds. We also predict that (1) dopamine is not required for the transition from scotopic to photopic vision in goldfish; (2) the ERG b–wave in goldfish is influenced by chromatic interactions; (3) horizontal cell spinules, though correlated with photopic mechanisms in the fish retina, are not necessary for the transition from scotopic to photopic vision; and (4) the OFF pathway, not the ON pathway, is involved in the action of dopamine on luminosity coding in the retina.

Acid phosphatase localization in endocytosed horizontal cell gap junctions

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana K. Vaughan ◽  
Eric M. Lasater
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Vesicle Fusion ◽  
White Bass ◽  
Degradative Pathway ◽  
Transport Vesicles ◽  
Subsequent Step ◽  
Degradative Enzymes ◽  
Fish Retina ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy

AbstractGap junction (GJ) endocytosis appears to be part of a cycle of GJ renewal in horizontal cells of the teleost fish retina. At least three stages of GJ endocytosis in these neurons have been identified using conventional electron microscopy (EM): invagination of GJ membranes (GJ blebs); free GJ vesicles; and GJ vesicle fusion with mature lysosomes (Vaughan & Lasater, 1990a). In the present study, EM-level acid phosphatase (AP) histochemistry of white bass retina was used to determine at what stage enzymatic degradation of endocytosed GJs begins. Electron-dense AP reaction product was observed within the trans face of the Golgi apparatus, mature lysosomes, and occasional, internal GJ vesicles. In contrast, GJ blebs, peripheral GJ vesicles, and most internal GJ vesicles lacked AP reaction product. These results support the idea that at least some of the GJ vesicles observed within these retinal neurons arise from endocytosis, are on a degradative pathway, and can be termed GJ “endosomes.” Furthermore, GJ vesicles appear to be initially free of AP, but some later acquire it (presumably from transport vesicles bearing degradative enzymes). It is still unclear whether our previous report of GJ vesicle fusion with mature lysosomes is a subsequent step in GJ degradation or part of a different degradative pathway altogether.

Contribution of rod, on-bipolar, and horizontal cell light responses to the ERG of dogfish retina

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. SHIELLS ◽  
G. FALK
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Cell ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Negative Wave ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Light Intensities

Simultaneous extracellular ERG and intracellular recordings from horizontal and ON-bipolar cells were obtained from the dark-adapted retina of the dogfish. The light intensity–peak response relation (IR) and time course of on-bipolar cell responses closely resembled that of the ERG b-wave, but only at low light intensities [<10 rhodopsin molecules bleached per rod (Rh*)]. Block of on-bipolar cell responses with 50 μM 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) abolished the b-wave and unmasked a vitreal-negative wave. Subtraction from the control ERG resulted in the isolation of a vitreal-positive ERG with an IR which matched that of on-bipolar cells over the full range of light intensities. The D.C. component of the ERG arises as a result of sustained depolarization of on-bipolar cells in response to long (>0.5 s) dim light stimuli, or following bright light flashes. The IR of horizontal cells and the vitreal-negative wave unmasked by APB could be matched by scaling at low light intensities (<5 Rh*). However, horizontal cell responses saturated at about 30 Rh*, while the vitreal-negative wave continued to increase in amplitude. The time course of horizontal cell membrane current with dim flashes could be matched to the rising phase of the vitreal-negative wave, assuming that the delay in generating the voltage response in horizontal cells is due to their long (100 ms) membrane time constant. Blocking post-photoreceptor activity resulted in a much smaller vitreal-negative wave than that unmasked by APB alone. We conclude that the b-wave arises from on-bipolar cell depolarization, while the leading edge of the a-wave is a composite of the change in extracellular voltage drop across the rod layer and a component (proximal PIII) reflecting a decrease in extracellular K+ as horizontal cell synaptic channels close with light.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of retinal horizontal cell responses by the ionic current model

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1711-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Usui ◽  
Yoshimi Kamiyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Ishii ◽  
Hidetoshi Ikeno
Keyword(s):  
Current Model ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Ionic Current ◽  
Cell Responses

scholarly journals Analyses of bipolar cell responses elicited by polarization of horizontal cells.

1982 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Toyoda ◽  
T Kujiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Cell ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Na Channels ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Ionic Mechanisms ◽  
Cl Channels ◽  
Hyperpolarizing Response ◽  
Conductance Changes

Simultaneous intracellular recordings were made from a bipolar cell and a horizontal cell in the carp retina. The properties of the bipolar cell were studied while injecting current into the horizontal cell. Hyperpolarization of horizontal cells, irrespective of their type, elicited a hyperpolarizing response in on-center bipolar cells and a depolarizing response in off-center bipolar cells. Analyses of the ionic mechanisms of bipolar cell responses revealed that depolarization of horizontal cells simulated and hyperpolarization opposed the effect of central illumination. The effect of polarization was exerted in such a manner that each type of horizontal cells modified the transmission from those photoreceptors from which they receive main inputs. In on-center bipolar cells, for example, the L-type horizontal cells receiving inputs mainly from red cones modified the cone-bipolar transmission accompanied by a conductance change of K+ and/or Cl- channels, and the intermediate horizontal cells receiving inputs from rods modified the rod-bipolar transmission accompanied by a conductance change of Na+ channels. In off-center bipolar cells, the effect of polarization of any type of horizontal cells was mediated mainly by conductance changes of Na+ channels. Feedback mechanisms from horizontal cells to photoreceptors could explain these results reasonably well.

scholarly journals Interactions leading to horizontal cell responses in the turtle retina

1974 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. F. Fuortes ◽  
E. J. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Cell Responses

scholarly journals Lateral feedback from monophasic horizontal cells to cones in carp retina. II. A quantitative model.

1989 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kamermans ◽  
B W van Dijk ◽  
H Spekreijse
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Field Amplitude ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Amplitude Profile ◽  
Feedback Pathways ◽  
Distinct Role

About half of the monophasic horizontal cells in carp retina receive input from both red- and green-sensitive cones. Since the horizontal cells feed back to cones, the color and feedback pathways result in wavelength- and intensity-dependent changes of the dynamics and of the receptive field amplitude profile of the horizontal cell responses. In this paper we present a quantitative model that describes adequately the color and spatial coding and the dynamics of the responses from monophasic horizontal cells in carp. Lateral feedback plays a distinct role in this model.

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