Focal cartilage defect compromises fluid-pressure dependent load support in the knee joint

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. e02713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Dabiri ◽  
LePing Li
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
Fluid Pressure

Partial Meniscectomy Changes Fluid Pressurization in Articular Cartilage in Human Knees

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kazemi ◽  
L. P. Li ◽  
M. D. Buschmann ◽  
P. Savard
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Partial Meniscectomy ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
Fluid Pressurization ◽  
Creep Loading ◽  
Intact Knee

Partial meniscectomy is believed to change the biomechanics of the knee joint through alterations in the contact of articular cartilages and menisci. Although fluid pressure plays an important role in the load support mechanism of the knee, the fluid pressurization in the cartilages and menisci has been ignored in the finite element studies of the mechanics of meniscectomy. In the present study, a 3D fibril-reinforced poromechanical model of the knee joint was used to explore the fluid flow dependent changes in articular cartilage following partial medial and lateral meniscectomies. Six partial longitudinal meniscectomies were considered under relaxation, simple creep, and combined creep loading conditions. In comparison to the intact knee, partial meniscectomy not only caused a substantial increase in the maximum fluid pressure but also shifted the location of this pressure in the femoral cartilage. Furthermore, these changes were positively correlated to the size of meniscal resection. While in the intact joint, the location of the maximum fluid pressure was dependent on the loading conditions, in the meniscectomized joint the location was predominantly determined by the site of meniscal resection. The partial meniscectomy also reduced the rate of the pressure dissipation, resulting in even larger difference between creep and relaxation times as compared to the case of the intact knee. The knee joint became stiffer after meniscectomy because of higher fluid pressure at knee compression followed by slower pressure dissipation. The present study indicated the role of fluid pressurization in the altered mechanics of meniscectomized knees.

A 3D Biphasic Finite Element Model of the Human Knee Joint for the Study of Tibiofemoral Contact and Fluid Pressurization

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqiang Guo ◽  
Suzanne A. Maher ◽  
Robert L. Spilker
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Contact Problem ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Biphasic Finite Element

Biphasic theory which considers soft tissue, such as articular cartilage and meniscus, as a combination of a solid and a fluid phase has been widely used to model their biomechanical behavior [1]. Though fluid flow plays an important role in the load-carrying ability of soft tissues, most finite element models of the knee joint consider cartilage and the meniscus as solid. This simplification is due to the fact that biphasic contact is complicated to model. Beside the continuity conditions for displacement and traction that a single-phase contact problem consists of, there are two additional continuity conditions in the biphasic contact problem for relative fluid flow and fluid pressure [2]. The problem becomes even more complex when a joint is being modeled. The knee joint, for example, has multiple contact pairs which make the biphasic finite element model of this joint far more complex. Several biphasic models of the knee have been developed [3–9], yet simplifications were included in these models: (1) the 3D geometry of the knee was represented by a 2D axisymmetric geometry [3, 5, 6, 9]; (2) no fluid flow was allowed between contact surfaces of the soft tissues [4, 8] which is inconsistent with the equation of mass conservation across the contact interface [10]; (3) zero fluid pressure boundary conditions were inaccurately applied around the contact area [7].

scholarly journals Biomechanical Evaluation of the Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cartilage Regeneration in Knee Joint Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Gon Koh ◽  
Jin-Ah Lee ◽  
Hwa-Yong Lee ◽  
Hyo-Jeong Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Tak Kang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Post Surgery

Numerous clinical studies have reported cell-based treatments for cartilage regeneration in knee joint osteoarthritis using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the post-surgery rehabilitation and weight-bearing times remain unclear. Phenomenological computational models of cartilage regeneration have been only partially successful in predicting experimental results and this may be due to simplistic modeling assumptions and loading conditions of cellular activity. In the present study, we developed a knee joint model of cell and tissue differentiation based on a more mechanistic approach, which was applied to cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis. First, a phenomenological biphasic poroelastic finite element model was developed and validated according to a previous study. Second, this method was applied to a real knee joint model with a cartilage defect created to simulate the tissue regeneration process. The knee joint model was able to accurately predict several aspects of cartilage regeneration, such as the cell and tissue distributions in the cartilage defect. Additionally, our results indicated that gait cycle loading with flexion was helpful for cartilage regeneration compared to the use of simple weight-bearing loading.

Mechanical Response of Human Knee Joint to Sinusoidal Compression: Influence of Fluid Pressurization in Soft Tissues

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Dabiri ◽  
LePing Li
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Loading Frequency ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Fluid Pressurization

The mechanical response of the knee joint has been simulated using finite element methods with elastic material models [1–4]. Fluid pressurization in articular cartilage and menisci has not been considered in the anatomically accurate joint modeling until recently [5–7]. We have recently considered stress relaxation and creep behavior of human knees. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanics of the femoral cartilage under cyclical knee compression. We are particularly interested in the determination of loading versus unloading patterns for the fluid pressure and flow, as well as the influence of the loading frequency on the fluid pressurization.

Effect of Systemic Administration of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on a Chronic Partial-Thickness Cartilage Defect in a Rabbit Knee Joint

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110219
Author(s):  
Yoshimasa Ono ◽  
Ryuichiro Akagi ◽  
Yukio Mikami ◽  
Masashi Shinohara ◽  
Hiroaki Hosokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Partial Thickness ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Objective Cartilage lesions in the knee joint can lead to joint mechanics changes and cause knee pain. Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) promotes cartilage regeneration by perforating the subchondral bone just below the injury and inducing bone marrow cells. This study aimed to investigate whether systemic administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with BMS improves repair of chronic partial-thickness cartilage defects (PTCDs). Design Eighteen 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups: control (C, n = 6), BMS alone ( n = 6), and BMS + G-CSF ( n = 6). Partial cartilage defects with 5 mm diameter were created in the trochlear region of both knees; after 4 weeks, the BMS alone and BMS + G-CSF groups underwent BMS; G-CSF (50 µg/kg) or saline was administered subcutaneously for 5 days starting from 3 days before BMS. At 8 and 16 weeks after cartilage defect creation, the area of cartilage defects was macroscopically and histologically evaluated. Results International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grades for macroscopic assessment were 0, 0.7, and 0.7 at 8 weeks and 0, 1.2, and 1.3 at 16 weeks in the C, BMS, and BMS + G-CSF groups, respectively. Wakitani scores for histological assessment were 9.8, 8.7, and 8.2 at 8 weeks and 9.5, 9, and 8.2 at 16 weeks in the C, BMS, and BMS + G-CSF groups, respectively. The BMS + G-CSF group showed significantly more repair than the C group, but there was no difference from the BMS group. Conclusions The effect of BMS and G-CSF on chronic PTCDs in mature rabbit knees was limited.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo Study on an Injectable Glycol Chitosan/Dibenzaldehyde-Terminated Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel in Repairing Articular Cartilage Defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Yang ◽  
Xiaoguang Jing ◽  
Zimin Wang ◽  
Xuejian Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycol Chitosan

The normal anatomical structure of articular cartilage determines its limited ability to regenerate and repair. Once damaged, it is difficult to repair it by itself. How to realize the regeneration and repair of articular cartilage has always been a big problem for clinicians and researchers. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the physical properties and cytocompatibility of hydrogels, and evaluated their feasibility as cell carriers for Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) transplantation. Concentration-matched hydrogels were co-cultured with ADSCs to confirm ADSC growth in the hydrogel and provide data supporting in vivo experiments, which comprised the hydrogel/ADSCs, pure-hydrogel, defect-placement, and positive-control groups. Rat models of articular cartilage defect in the knee joint region was generated, and each treatment was administered on the knee joint cartilage area for each group; in the positive-control group, the joint cavity was surgically opened, without inducing a cartilage defect. The reparative effect of injectable glycol chitosan/dibenzaldehyde-terminated polyethylene glycol (GCS/DF-PEG) hydrogel on injured articular cartilage was evaluated by measuring gross scores and histological score of knee joint articular-cartilage injury in rats after 8 weeks. The 1.5% GCS/2% DF-PEG hydrogels degraded quickly in vitro. Then, We perform in vivo and in vitro experiments to evaluate the feasibility of this material for cartilage repair in vivo and in vitro.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Shockwave Treatment of Knee Joint

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7678
Author(s):  
Galina Eremina ◽  
Alexey Smolin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Energy Flux Density ◽  
Shockwave Loading

Arthritis is a degenerative disease that primarily affects the cartilage and meniscus of the knee joint. External acoustic stimulation is used to treat this disease. This article presents a numerical model of the knee joint aimed at the computer-aided study of the regenerative effects of shockwave treatment. The presented model was verified and validated. A numerical analysis of the conditions for the regeneration of the tissues of the knee joint under shockwave action was conducted. The results allow us to conclude that to obtain the conditions required for the regeneration of cartilage tissues and meniscus (compressive stresses above the threshold value of 0.15 MPa to start the process of chondrogenesis; distortional strains above the threshold value of 0.05% characterized by the beginning of the differentiation of the tissues in large volumes; fluid pressure corresponding to the optimal level of 68 kPa to transfer tissue cells in large volumes), the energy flux density of therapeutic shockwave loading should exceed 0.3 mJ/mm2.

A Numerical Model of Mechanics of Osteoarthritis in Human Knee Joint

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Dabiri ◽  
LePing Li
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Contact Loads ◽  
Model Fluid

Articular cartilage is composed of water entrapped in a solid matrix formed by proteoglycans and collagen fibers. Therefore, the mechanical behavior of this tissue is determined by all of these three components. In addition, the properties of articular cartilage vary along the depth and by location. In the human knee joint, the three dimensional geometry as well as the contact between the cartilaginous tissues plays essential roles in the joint mechanics. On the other hand, initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) could be partly caused by contact loads. Consequently, the fibrillar and non-fibrillar matrices, the three dimensional geometry and the contact between the tissues should be considered as essential parameters in the study of the mechanics of osteoarthritis. However, previous studies on OA mechanics were mostly limited to explants geometries [1]. Also, the contact mechanics associated with the fluid pressure have not been considered in the previous OA models. In a recent knee model, fluid was considered in femoral cartilage but not in the menisci [2]. Additionally, the depth-dependent mechanical properties were not included in that model.

Effects of Osmium Tetroxide on the Rabbit Knee Joint Normal Synovial Membrane

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
M. Möttönen ◽  
M. Pantio ◽  
T. Nevalainen
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Rabbit Knee
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