Projections from the anterodorsal and anteroveniral nucleus of the thalamus to the limbic cortex in the rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 358 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Van Groen ◽  
J. Michael Wyss
Keyword(s):  
Limbic Cortex

Emx1 and Emx2 functions in development of dorsal telencephalon

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yoshida ◽  
Y. Suda ◽  
I. Matsuo ◽  
N. Miyamoto ◽  
N. Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lateral Shift ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Lateral Region ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Positive Region ◽  
Dorsal Telencephalon ◽  
And Behavior

The genes Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of a Drosophila head gap gene, empty spiracles, and their expression patterns have suggested their involvement in regional patterning of the forebrain. To define their functions we introduced mutations into these loci. The newborn Emx2 mutants displayed defects in archipallium structures that are believed to play essential roles in learning, memory and behavior: the dentate gyrus was missing, and the hippocampus and medial limbic cortex were greatly reduced in size. In contrast, defects were subtle in adult Emx1 mutant brain. In the early developing Emx2 mutant forebrain, the evagination of cerebral hemispheres was reduced and the roof between the hemispheres was expanded, suggesting the lateral shift of its boundary. Defects were not apparent, however, in the region where Emx1 expression overlaps that of Emx2, nor was any defect found in the early embryonic forebrain caused by mutation of the Emx1 gene, of which expression principally occurs within the Emx2-positive region. Emx2 most likely delineates the palliochoroidal boundary in the absence of Emx1 expression during early dorsal forebrain patterning. In the more lateral region of telencephalon, Emx2-deficiency may be compensated for by Emx1 and vice versa. Phenotypes of newborn brains also suggest that these genes function in neurogenesis corresponding to their later expressions.

Hippocampal Place-Cell Firing During Movement in Three-Dimensional Space

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Knierim ◽  
Bruce L. McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Place Cell ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Head Direction ◽  
Head Direction Cells ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
Place Fields

“Place” cells of the rat hippocampus are coupled to “head direction” cells of the thalamus and limbic cortex. Head direction cells are sensitive to head direction in the horizontal plane only, which leads to the question of whether place cells similarly encode locations in the horizontal plane only, ignoring the z axis, or whether they encode locations in three dimensions. This question was addressed by recording from ensembles of CA1 pyramidal cells while rats traversed a rectangular track that could be tilted and rotated to different three-dimensional orientations. Cells were analyzed to determine whether their firing was bound to the external, three-dimensional cues of the environment, to the two-dimensional rectangular surface, or to some combination of these cues. Tilting the track 45° generally provoked a partial remapping of the rectangular surface in that some cells maintained their place fields, whereas other cells either gained new place fields, lost existing fields, or changed their firing locations arbitrarily. When the tilted track was rotated relative to the distal landmarks, most place fields remapped, but a number of cells maintained the same place field relative to the x-y coordinate frame of the laboratory, ignoring the z axis. No more cells were bound to the local reference frame of the recording apparatus than would be predicted by chance. The partial remapping demonstrated that the place cell system was sensitive to the three-dimensional manipulations of the recording apparatus. Nonetheless the results were not consistent with an explicit three-dimensional tuning of individual hippocampal neurons nor were they consistent with a model in which different sets of cells are tightly coupled to different sets of environmental cues. The results are most consistent with the statement that hippocampal neurons can change their “tuning functions” in arbitrary ways when features of the sensory input or behavioral context are altered. Understanding the rules that govern the remapping phenomenon holds promise for deciphering the neural circuitry underlying hippocampal function.

UNIT ANALYSIS OF VISUAL INPUT TO POSTERIOR LIMBIC CORTEX. I. PHOTIC STIMULATION

1965 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Cuénod ◽  
Kenneth L. Casey ◽  
Paul D. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Visual Input ◽  
Photic Stimulation ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Unit Analysis

scholarly journals Complex phonic tic and disinhibition in Tourette syndrome: case report

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (3A) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Palmini Maia ◽  
Francisco Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Motor Tics

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a combination of multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic. TS patients often have associated behavioral abnormalities such as obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit and hyperactive disorder. Coprolalia, defined as emission of obscenities or swearing, is one type of complex vocal tic, present in 8% to 26% of patients. The pathophysiology of coprolalia and other complex phonic tics remains ill-defined. We report a patient whose complex phonic tic was characterized by repetitively saying "breast cancer" on seeing the son of aunt who suffered from this condition. The patient was unable to suppress the tic and did not meet criteria for obsessive compulsive disorder. The phenomenology herein described supports the theory that complex phonic tics result from disinhibition of the loop connecting the basal ganglia with the limbic cortex.

Central Language Hypothesis in the Decision-Making Process

2016 ◽  
pp. 66-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Buğa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limbic Cortex ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the potential connection between neuroeconomics and the Central Language Hypothesis (CLH) which refers to the language placed within the subconscious mind of an individual. The CLH forwards that in the brains of bilingual and multilingual people, one language is more suppressive as it dominates reflexes, emotions, and senses. This central language (CL) is located at the centre of the limbic cortex of the brain. Therefore, when there is a stimulus on the limbic cortex (e.g., fear, anxiety, sadness), the brain produces the central language. The chapter begins with an Introduction followed by a Theoretical Framework. The next section discusses the neurolinguistic projection of the central language and includes the survey and the results used in this study. The Discussion section provides additional information regarding the questionnaire and the CLH, followed by Future Research Directions, Implications, and finally the Conclusion.

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