Afferent and efferent connections of the olfactory bulbs in the lizardPodarcis hispanica

1991 ◽  
Vol 305 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Francisco E. Olucha ◽  
Vicent Teruel ◽  
Maria J. Lorente ◽  
Walter K. Schwerdtfeger
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Efferent Connections

Ultrastructural analysis of unique glycoconjugates in the rat olfactory system

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 890-891
Author(s):  
James E. Crandall ◽  
Linda C. Hassinger ◽  
Gerald A. Schwarting
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Patterns ◽  
Carbohydrate Epitopes ◽  
Olfactory Systems ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Cell Surface Glycoconjugates

Cell surface glycoconjugates are considered to play important roles in cell-cell interactions in the developing central nervous system. We have previously described a group of monoclonal antibodies that recognize defined carbohydrate epitopes and reveal unique temporal and spatial patterns of immunoreactivity in the developing main and accessory olfactory systems in rats. Antibody CC2 reacts with complex α-galactosyl and α-fucosyl glycoproteins and glycolipids. Antibody CC1 reacts with terminal N-acetyl galactosamine residues of globoside-like glycolipids. Antibody 1B2 reacts with β-galactosyl glycolipids and glycoproteins. Our light microscopic data suggest that these antigens may be located on the surfaces of axons of the vomeronasal and olfactory nerves as well as on some of their target neurons in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs.

scholarly journals The Independent Evolution of Dorsal Pallia in Multiple Vertebrate Lineages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Georg F. Striedter ◽  
R. Glenn Northcutt
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Independent Evolution ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Olfactory Input ◽  
Cartilaginous Fishes

Comparative neurobiologists have long wondered when and how the dorsal pallium (e.g., mammalian neocortex) evolved. For the last 50 years, the most widely accepted answer has been that this structure was already present in the earliest vertebrates and, therefore, homologous between the major vertebrate lineages. One challenge for this hypothesis is that the olfactory bulbs project throughout most of the pallium in the most basal vertebrate lineages (notably lampreys, hagfishes, and lungfishes) but do not project to the putative dorsal pallia in teleosts, cartilaginous fishes, and amniotes (i.e., reptiles, birds, and mammals). To make sense of these data, one may hypothesize that a dorsal pallium existed in the earliest vertebrates and received extensive olfactory input, which was subsequently lost in several lineages. However, the dorsal pallium is notoriously difficult to delineate in many vertebrates, and its homology between the various lineages is often based on little more than its topology. Therefore, we suspect that dorsal pallia evolved independently in teleosts, cartilaginous fishes, and amniotes. We further hypothesize that the emergence of these dorsal pallia was accompanied by the phylogenetic restriction of olfactory projections to the pallium and the expansion of inputs from other sensory modalities. We do not deny that the earliest vertebrates may have possessed nonolfactory sensory inputs to some parts of the pallium, but such projections alone do not define a dorsal pallium.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY HISTIDINE LEVEL ON THE CARNOSINE CONCENTRATION OF RAT OLFACTORY BULBS

1976 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chung-Hwang ◽  
H. Khurana ◽  
H. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulbs

Efferent connections of the substantia nigra in the cat

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Afifi ◽  
William W. Kaelber
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Efferent Connections

scholarly journals Changes in Prefrontal Cortex–Thalamic Circuitry after Acoustic Trauma

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Barry ◽  
Donald Robertson ◽  
Wilhelmina H. A. M. Mulders
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Efferent Connections ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Central Auditory Pathways ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the adult auditory system, loss of input resulting from peripheral deafferentation is well known to lead to plasticity in the central nervous system, manifested as reorganization of cortical maps and altered activity throughout the central auditory pathways. The auditory system also has strong afferent and efferent connections with cortico-limbic circuitry including the prefrontal cortex and the question arises whether this circuitry is also affected by loss of peripheral input. Recent studies in our laboratory showed that PFC activation can modulate activity of the auditory thalamus or medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) in normal hearing rats. In addition, we have shown in rats that cochlear trauma resulted in altered spontaneous burst firing in MGN. However, whether the PFC influence on MGN is changed after cochlear trauma is unknown. We investigated the effects of electrical stimulation of PFC on single neuron activity in the MGN in anaesthetized Wistar rats 2 weeks after acoustic trauma or sham surgery. Electrical stimulation of PFC showed a variety of effects in MGN neurons both in sham and acoustic trauma groups but inhibitory responses were significantly larger in the acoustic trauma animals. These results suggest an alteration in functional connectivity between PFC and MGN after cochlear trauma. This change may be a compensatory mechanism increasing sensory gating after the development of altered spontaneous activity in MGN, to prevent altered activity reaching the cortex and conscious perception.

Better Olfactory Performance and Larger Olfactory Bulbs in a Mouse Model of Congenital Blindness

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 523-531
Author(s):  
Sara Touj ◽  
Samie Cloutier ◽  
Amel Jemâa ◽  
Mathieu Piché ◽  
Gilles Bronchti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Olfactory Threshold ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Anatomical Plasticity ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Olfactory Processing ◽  
Granular Layers ◽  
Early Blindness

Abstract It is well established that early blindness results in enhancement of the remaining nonvisual sensory modalities accompanied by functional and anatomical brain plasticity. While auditory and tactile functions have been largely investigated, the results regarding olfactory functions remained less explored and less consistent. In the present study, we investigated olfactory function in blind mice using 3 tests: the buried food test, the olfactory threshold test, and the olfactory performance test. The results indicated better performance of blind mice in the buried food test and odor performance test while there was no difference in the olfactory threshold test. Using histological measurements, we also investigated if there was anatomical plasticity in the olfactory bulbs (OB), the most salient site for olfactory processing. The results indicated a larger volume of the OB driven by larger glomerular and granular layers in blind mice compared with sighted mice. Structural plasticity in the OB may underlie the enhanced olfactory performance in blind mice.

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