Telencephalic projections from midbrain and isthmal cell groups in the pigeon. I. Locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus

1986 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Kitt ◽  
Steven E. Brauth
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Cell Groups

scholarly journals The Modulatory Effect of Acupuncture on the Activity of Locus Coeruleus Neuronal Cells: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gihyun Lee ◽  
Woojin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Noradrenergic Neurons ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Noradrenergic Cell Groups

The Locus Coeruleus (LC) is a small collection of noradrenergic neurons located in the pons. In the brain, noradrenaline (NE) is primarily produced by noradrenergic cell groups in the LC, which is the largest group of noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. Acupuncture, including the electroacupuncture which is a modified acupuncture method, is known to be effective in various kinds of diseases, and the involvement of noradrenergic system in the central nervous system has been reported by previous studies. However, on whether acupuncture can modulate the LC neuronal cells activities, results vary from studies to studies. In this paper, we included twelve articles, which observed the effect of acupuncture on the activities of LC in humans and animals. Our study shows that, among twelve included studies, six reported decrease of LC activities, whereas six showed increase of LC activities after acupuncture treatment. Although it is difficult to draw a firm conclusion, the authors suggest that the difference of frequencies may play an important role in the modulatory effect of acupuncture on LC. Further studies are needed to clarify the precise mechanism of acupuncture on LC, as it can lead to a new therapeutic method for various LC-NE related diseases.

scholarly journals Spinal projections of the A5, A6 (locus coeruleus), and A7 noradrenergic cell groups in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 520 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Bruinstroop ◽  
Georgina Cano ◽  
Veronique G.J.M. Vanderhorst ◽  
Judney C. Cavalcante ◽  
Jena Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Noradrenergic Cell Groups

ANDROST-5-ENE-3β,17β-DIOL IN OVARY OF POST-MENOPAUSAL HYPEROESTROGENIC WOMEN

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pesonen ◽  
M. Ikonen ◽  
B-J. Procopé ◽  
A. Saure
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Post Menopause ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT The ovaries of ten patients, at least one year after the post-menopause, were incubated with two Δ5-C19-steroids and also studied histochemically. All these patients had post-menopausal uterine bleeding and increased oestrogen excretion of the urine. The urinary estimations of gonadotrophins, 17-KS, 17-OHCS and pregnanediol were carried out on all patients. Vaginal smears were read according to Papanicolaou, and the endometrium and ovaries were studied histologically. The incubation experiments indicate the presence of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase. When androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol was used as precursor the formation of testosterone occurred without any concomitant production of DHA and/or androstenedione. This seems to indicate the possible role of the Δ5-pathway in the formation of testosterone by post-menopausal ovarian tissue. The histochemical reactions indicated a reducing activity on NADH, lactate and glucose-6-phosphate, in certain corpora albicantia, atretic follicles and in diffuse thecoma regions in the cortical layer of the ovary. Steroid-3β-ol-dehydrogenase and β-hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase were found only at the edges of certain corpora albicantia, in some individual stroma cell groups and in some atretic follicles. Our studies, both biochemical and histochemical, suggest that the observed increase in the urinary oestrogens of the patients studied might in part at least, be of ovarian origin. This opinion is also supported by the postoperative oestrogen values.

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