Sensory neurons supplying touch domes near the body midlines project bilaterally in the thoracic spinal cord of rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

Implantation of a Thoracic Spinal Cord Stimulator Paddle Electrode and Generator Under General Anesthesia With Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. E169-E169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Stone ◽  
Steven M Falowski
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulator ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Lead Placement ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
Spinal Flexibility

Abstract Spinal cord stimulation is a well-established and effective therapy in the treatment of pain. Proper patient selection and accurate lead placement are paramount in its success. Placement is a multifaceted process requiring proper paddle placement, a well thought out generator placement and appropriate means to limit complications and enhance success. Several intraoperative techniques maximize outcomes, including removal of the superior portion of the inferior level's spinous process for paddle access into the epidural space, generator pocket placement in a location that limits patient discomfort, a strain relief loop at the thoracic incision to prevent lead fractures and allow for full spinal flexibility, generator placement parallel to the body and secured in the pocket to prevent unwanted movement, and intraoperative neuromonitoring for patient comfort and more accurate lead placement compared to X-ray alone or awake placement. This case demonstrates these key elements of intraoperative technique in a candidate with the most common indication for spinal cord stimulator placement–postlaminectomy syndrome–underscoring the ease and viability of this procedure in the appropriate patient population in a means that reduces future complications and adverse events while maximizing success.  Full patient consent for video-recording and subsequent use for research purposes was attained. All patient identifiers have been removed for the purpose of patient confidentiality.

scholarly journals Segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord and syringomyelia in a calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Samara de Paula Lopes ◽  
Yasmin Daoualibi ◽  
Ana Cristina Sbaraini Mósena ◽  
Vinícius Vasconcellos da Cruz Gonçalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Spinous Processes

ABSTRACT: Congenital malformations are functional and structural changes in organ systems, tissues, or organs that may develop during the embryonic or fetal phase. Spinal cord malformations, such as segmental hypoplasia of the spinal cord (SHSC) and syringomyelia, are rare in bovines. A Girolando calf from Valença, Rio de Janeiro, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro because of motor incoordination. Clinical evaluation revealed a 5-cm depression area in the spine at the dorsal line of the thoracic region. Neurological examination revealed reduced proprioception, pelvic limb extension with increased nociceptive activity, and reduced anal reflex. In radiographic examination, the body of the T11 vertebra had a trapezoidal wedge shape with ventral hemivertebra, probable agenesis or hypoplasia of the T11-T12 spinous processes, and fusion of the T9-T10 spinous processes. Myelography revealed extradural spinal compression caused by vertebral malformations. Necropsy showed no spinous processes (T11-T12), cranial stenosis in the medullary canal (T11-T13), and 1-3-mm pores in the white matter of the thoracic spinal cord (T8-T11). Microscopy revealed cystic dilatations in the white matter (T9-T11), cystic areas of varying sizes (T8-T9), and moderate reduction in the gray matter around the central canal of the medulla (T11-T13). Here, we reported the clinical and pathological findings of SHSC and syringomyelia in a Girolando calf. The features should be differentiated from other spinal cord syndromes. Congenital malformations are of economic importance, and their etiology and diagnosis are fundamental to disease control and progenitor-selection programs.

Congenital intradural melanoma surrounding the spinal cord of a nine-day-old Saanen goat

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001117
Author(s):  
Devinn M Sinnott ◽  
Kevin D Woolard ◽  
Meera Heller ◽  
Verena K Affolter
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Congenital Tumours

A nine-day-old Saanen kid presented for progressive hind limb paresis since birth. Euthanasia was elected, and on postmortem examination a large, pigmented mass was present in the vertebral canal surrounding the lumbosacral and caudal thoracic spinal cord. Histopathology revealed a homogeneous population of round to spindle neoplastic cells containing finely granular pigment consistent with a melanoma. This diagnosis was further supported by a Fontana-Masson stain and immunohistochemistry for PNL2, MelanA and SOX10. The tumour presumably arose from melanocytes or melanocytic precursors within the meninges of the lumbosacral spinal cord. No evidence of neoplasia was seen elsewhere in the body; therefore, the meningeal melanoma likely represents the primary tumour. Goats develop neoplasms less frequently than other species, and reports of congenital tumours in goats are rare.

Spontaneous Herniation of the Thoracic Spinal Cord: A Case Report

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Chan Jin ◽  
Seoung Ro Lee ◽  
Dong Woo Park ◽  
Kyung Bin Joo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spontaneous Herniation

Lipomeningocele associated with diplomyelia in a dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (05) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Ondreka ◽  
Sara Malberg ◽  
Emma Laws ◽  
Martin Schmidt ◽  
Sabine Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Split Cord Malformation ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Subcutaneous Mass ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

SummaryA 2-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog with a body weight of 30 kg was presented for evaluation of a soft subcutaneous mass on the dorsal midline at the level of the caudal thoracic spine. A further clinical sign was intermittent pain on palpation of the area of the subcutaneous mass. The owner also described a prolonged phase of urination with repeated interruption and re-initiation of voiding. The findings of the neurological examination were consistent with a lesion localization between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar spinal cord segments. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spina bifida with a lipomeningocele and diplomyelia (split cord malformation type I) at the level of thoracic vertebra 11 and 12 and secondary syringomyelia above the aforementioned defects in the caudal thoracic spinal cord. Surgical resection of the lipomeningocele via a hemilaminectomy was performed. After initial deterioration of the neurological status postsurgery with paraplegia and absent deep pain sensation the dog improved within 2 weeks to non-ambulatory paraparesis with voluntary urination. Six weeks postoperatively the dog was ambulatory, according to the owner. Two years after surgery the owner recorded that the dog showed a normal gait, a normal urination and no pain. Histopathological diagnosis of the biopsied material revealed a lipomeningocele which confirmed the radiological diagnosis.

scholarly journals The Histopathology of Severe Graded Compression in Lower Thoracic Spinal Cord Segment of Rat, Evaluated at Late Post-injury Phase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedorova Jana ◽  
Kellerova Erika ◽  
Bimbova Katarina ◽  
Pavel Jaroslav
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Severe Traumatic Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractSpontaneous recovery of lost motor functions is relative fast in rodent models after inducing a very mild/moderate spinal cord injury (SCI), and this may complicate a reliable evaluation of the effectiveness of potential therapy. Therefore, a severe graded (30 g, 40 g and 50 g) weight-compression SCI at the Th9 spinal segment, involving an acute mechanical impact followed by 15 min of persistent compression, was studied in adult female Wistar rats. Functional parameters, such as spontaneous recovery of motor hind limb and bladder emptying function, and the presence of hematuria were evaluated within 28 days of the post-traumatic period. The disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, measured by extravasated Evans Blue dye, was examined 24 h after the SCI, when maximum permeability occurs. At the end of the survival period, the degradation of gray and white matter associated with the formation of cystic cavities, and quantitative changes of glial structural proteins, such as GFAP, and integral components of axonal architecture, such as neurofilaments and myelin basic protein, were evaluated in the lesioned area of the spinal cord. Based on these functional and histological parameters, and taking the animal’s welfare into account, the 40 g weight can be considered as an upper limit for severe traumatic injury in this compression model.

Superficial siderosis due to dural defect with thoracic spinal cord herniation

2012 ◽  
Vol 312 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio B. Boncoraglio ◽  
Elena Ballabio ◽  
Alessandra Erbetta ◽  
Francesco Prada ◽  
Mario Savoiardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Dural Defect ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spinal Cord Herniation

scholarly journals Sonic Hedgehog modulates the inflammatory response and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury in a thoracic contusion–compression model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Alexander Younsi ◽  
Guoli Zheng ◽  
Mohamed Tail ◽  
Anna-Kathrin Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Shh Pathway ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Purpose The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway has been associated with a protective role after injury to the central nervous system (CNS). We, therefore, investigated the effects of intrathecal Shh-administration in the subacute phase after thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) on secondary injury processes in rats. Methods Twenty-one Wistar rats were subjected to thoracic clip-contusion/compression SCI at T9. Animals were randomized into three treatment groups (Shh, Vehicle, Sham). Seven days after SCI, osmotic pumps were implanted for seven-day continuous intrathecal administration of Shh. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score, Gridwalk test and bodyweight were weekly assessed. Animals were sacrificed six weeks after SCI and immunohistological analyses were conducted. The results were compared between groups and statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results The intrathecal administration of Shh led to significantly increased polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype, significantly decreased T-lymphocytic invasion and significantly reduced resident microglia six weeks after the injury. Reactive astrogliosis was also significantly reduced while changes in size of the posttraumatic cyst as well as the overall macrophagic infiltration, although reduced, remained insignificant. Finally, with the administration of Shh, gain of bodyweight (216.6 ± 3.65 g vs. 230.4 ± 5.477 g; p = 0.0111) and BBB score (8.2 ± 0.2 vs. 5.9 ± 0.7 points; p = 0.0365) were significantly improved compared to untreated animals six weeks after SCI as well. Conclusion Intrathecal Shh-administration showed neuroprotective effects with attenuated neuroinflammation, reduced astrogliosis and improved functional recovery six weeks after severe contusion/compression SCI.

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