Morphology, central projections, and dendritic field orientation of retinal ganglion cells in the ferret

1985 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar J. Vitek ◽  
Jeffrey D. Schall ◽  
Audie G. Leventhal
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Field Orientation ◽  
Central Projections ◽  
Dendritic Field

The effect of retinal growth on the postnatal development and distribution of displaced retinal ganglion cells in the retina of the chameleon (squamata)

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHIAS OTT ◽  
BRENO BELLINTANI-GUARDIA
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Dendritic Arbor ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Accessory Optic System ◽  
Dendritic Field ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Retinal Growth

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) usually increase their dendritic field area with postnatal retinal growth. The mechanisms that regulate the postnatal shape of dendritic arbors in the growing retina are not well understood. Quantitative studies suffer from the difficulty of labeling specific subpopulations of RGCs selectively including their dendritic processes. In this study, we labeled displaced retinal ganglion cells (DGC) that are known to project to the accessory optic system (AOS) in juvenile and adult chameleons by retrograde transport of dextran amines. The complete population of DGCs was quantitatively screened for the effects of postnatal retinal growth on cell morphology, dendritic field coverage, and dendritic arbor size. The adult eye contained 2000 DGCs/retina. This number was already present at birth. The smaller size of the hatchling eye (approximately 1/3 of the adult size) led to higher densities of DGCs. The greatest accumulation of juvenile DGCs (two-fold higher compared to the adult) was found in the periphery of the retina where the greatest surface expansion was observed. DGC dendritic field areas were adjusted proportionally to this expansion in order to maintain a constant dendritic coverage. The increase of dendritic fields was mediated by two putative passive mechanisms: First, an elongation of individual dendrites similar to previous reports of postnatal RGC development in the retina of goldfish and chicks. Second, and more prominent, we observed that neighboring dendrites were pulled apart from each other. This resulted in a looser spacing of the initially tightly packed dendrites of each dendritic arbor. This dispersal of dendrites over a larger area was, due to its passive nature, proportional to the increase of the retinal surface and preserved a constant dendritic coverage irrespective of the animal's age and eye size.

scholarly journals Central projections of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in the macaque monkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 522 (10) ◽  
pp. Spc1-Spc1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hannibal ◽  
L. Kankipati ◽  
C.E. Strang ◽  
B.B. Peterson ◽  
D. Dacey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Central Projections

Central projections of cat retinal ganglion cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 237 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Leventhal ◽  
R. W. Rodieck ◽  
B. Drehkr
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Central Projections

Morphology of wide-field bistratified and diffuse human retinal ganglion cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
BETH B. PETERSON ◽  
DENNIS M. DACEY
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
Dendritic Trees ◽  
Dendritic Field ◽  
Dendritic Branching

To study the detailed morphology of human retinal ganglion cells, we used intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase and Neurobiotin to label over 1000 cells in an in vitro, wholemount preparation of the human retina. This study reports on the morphology of 119 wide-field bistratified and 42 diffuse ganglion cells. Cells were analyzed quantitatively on the basis of dendritic-field size, soma size, and the extent of dendritic branching. Bistratified cells were similar in dendritic-field diameter (mean ± s.d. = 682 ± 130 μm) and soma diameter (mean ± s.d. = 18 ± 3.3 μm) but showed a broad distribution in the extent of dendritic branching (mean ± s.d. branch point number = 67 ± 32; range = 15–167). Differences in the extent of branching and in dendritic morphology and the pattern of branching suggest that the human retina may contain at least three types of wide-field bistratified cells. Diffuse ganglion cells comprised a largely homogeneous group whose dendrites ramified throughout the inner plexiform layer. The diffuse cells had similar dendritic-field diameters (mean ± s.d. = 486 ± 113 μm), soma diameters (mean ± s.d. = 16 ± 2.3 μm), and branch points numbers (mean ± s.d. = 92 ± 32). The majority had densely branched dendritic trees and thin, very spiny dendrites with many short, fine, twig-like thorny processes. Five of the diffuse cells had much more sparsely branched dendritic trees (<50 branch points) and less spiny dendrites, suggesting that there are possibly two types of diffuse ganglion cells in human retina. Although the presence of a diversity of large bistratified and diffuse ganglion cells has been observed in a variety of mammalian retinas, little is known about the number of cell types, their physiological properties, or their central projections. Some of the human wide-field bistratified cells in the present study, however, show morphological similarities to monkey large bistratified cells that are known to project to the superior colliculus.

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