Morphological analysis of astrocytes in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) spinal cord with special reference to the site of attachment of their processes

1981 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sasaki ◽  
Hajime Mannen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Chronic Pain and Microglial Phenotypic Changes in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3604
Author(s):  
Nicola Alessio ◽  
Carmela Belardo ◽  
Maria Consiglia Trotta ◽  
Salvatore Paino ◽  
Serena Boccella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

The bioactive form of vitamin .D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D3), exerts immunomodulatory actions resulting in neuroprotective effects potentially useful against neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. In fact, vitamin D deficiency status has been correlated with painful manifestations associated with different pathological conditions. In this study, we have investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency on microglia cells, as they represent the main immune cells responsible for early defense at central nervous system (CNS), including chronic pain states. For this purpose, we have employed a model of low vitamin D intake during gestation to evaluate possible changes in primary microglia cells obtained from postnatal day(P)2-3 pups. Afterwards, pain measurement and microglia morphological analysis in the spinal cord level and in brain regions involved in the integration of pain perception were performed in the parents subjected to vitamin D restriction. In cultured microglia, we detected a reactive—activated and proliferative—phenotype associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Oxidative stress was closely correlated with the extent of DNA damage and increased β-galactosidase (B-gal) activity. Interestingly, the incubation with 25D3 or 1,25D3 or palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), reduced most of these effects. Morphological analysis of ex-vivo microglia obtained from vitamin-D-deficient adult mice revealed an increased number of activated microglia in the spinal cord, while in the brain microglia appeared in a dystrophic phenotype. Remarkably, activated (spinal) or dystrophic (brain) microglia were detected in a prominent manner in females. Our data indicate that vitamin D deficiency produces profound modifications in microglia, suggesting a possible role of these cells in the sensorial dysfunctions associated with hypovitaminosis D.

Morphological analysis of the cervical spinal canal, dural tube and spinal cord in normal individuals using CT myelography

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Inoue ◽  
K. Ohmori ◽  
T. Takatsu ◽  
T. Teramoto ◽  
Y. Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Ct Myelography ◽  
Cervical Spinal Canal ◽  
Normal Individuals
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