The raphe nuclei of the rabbit brain stem

1979 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Felten ◽  
John P. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Raphé Nuclei

The raphe nuclei of the brain stem in the cat. III. Afferent connections

1960 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alf Brodal ◽  
Fred Walberg ◽  
Elizabeth Taber
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Afferent Connections ◽  
Raphé Nuclei ◽  
The Brain

Neuronal activity of raphe nuclei of the brain stem in the cat

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Narikashvili ◽  
V. S. Arutyunov ◽  
T. G. Tatevosyan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Raphé Nuclei ◽  
The Brain

The raphe nuclei of the brain stem in the cat. II. Efferent connections

1960 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alf Brodal ◽  
Elizabeth Taber ◽  
Fred Walberg
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Efferent Connections ◽  
Raphé Nuclei ◽  
The Brain

Central and peripheral biogenic amine effects of brain missile wounding and increased intracranial pressure

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Soblosky ◽  
N. Lynn Rogers ◽  
Jeffery A. Adams ◽  
J. Bryan Farrell ◽  
June F. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Raphé Nuclei

✓ This study was performed to ascertain the acute effects of brain missile wounding on brain-stem and hypothalamic biogenic amines in a group of cats anesthetized with pentobarbital (40 mg/kg). Brain wounding is associated with a concomitant increase in intracranial pressure (ICP); to separate the effects of elevated ICP alone from the effects of wounding, a second group of cats had ICP artificially increased from a normal level of approximately 5 mm Hg to approximately 140 mm Hg by infusion of mock cerebrospinal fluid into the cisterna magna. In both groups, significant epinephrine depletions (47% to 74%) occurred in the nucleus tractus solitarius, area A1C1, locus ceruleus, raphe nuclei, and posterior hypothalamus. Epinephrine levels were also significantly decreased in the anterior hypothalamus in the wounded cats. In addition, both brain wounding and artificially induced ICP increases caused significant decreases of norepinephrine in the posterior hypothalamus, and of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, dopamine, and homovanillic acid in the raphe nuclei. Only brain wounding, however, caused significant reductions of norepinephrine, dopamine, and homovanillic acid in the nucleus tractus solitarius and area A1C1. The plasma catecholamine levels resulting from brain wounding or artificially induced ICP increases were dissimilar only in the amount of time required to attain maximum plasma levels, with the wounded animals responding faster. It is concluded that the hypothalamic and brain-stem biogenic amine changes resulting from either brain wounding or increased ICP alone are reflective of a stress response. Brain-stem distortion caused by brain wounding did not appear to be a factor and monoaminergic systems appeared to remain intact despite a severe and eventually lethal brain injury. If the detected depletion of epinephrine and serotonin levels is associated with potentially lethal brain injury, pharmacological intervention may be possible.

Effects of stimulating in raphe nuclei and in reticular formation on response of spinothalamic neurons to mechanical stimuli

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. McCreery ◽  
J. R. Bloedel ◽  
E. G. Hames
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Nucleus Raphe Magnus ◽  
Raphe Magnus ◽  
Descending Systems ◽  
Raphé Nuclei ◽  
The Brain

1. The purpose of these experiments was to compare effects of electrical stimuli applied in two regions of the brain stem that are the sites of origin of descending bulbospinal systems; namely, the nucleus gigantocellularis of Brodal (7) and the nucleus raphe magnus, on the responses of lumbosacral spinothalamic neurons to mechanical stimuli. 2. In cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, stimulating in either of these structures with single pulses of current while the spinothalamic neuron was tonically activated by a sustained mechanical pressure resulted in an increase in the excitability of the cell followed by a prolonged suppression of its impulse activity. 3. For different neurons, the latency of the excitation ranged from 4 to 18 ms following the brain stem stimulus, while the latency of the suppression ranged from 16 to 34 ms. 4. In general, the effects of stimulating in the reticular formation and in the raphe nuclei were similar. although quantitative differences were found in the effects of each on different spinothalamic neurons. On the basis of these two studies, it is argued that the reticulospinal and raphe-spinal systems exert qualitatively similar effects on the responses of spinothalamic neurons evaluated in this experiment. 5. A comparison of the magnitudes of the suppression phase evoked from several different sites in the ipsilateral reticular formation and nucleus raphe magnus suggests that the descending systems arising from both these structures may be quite heterogeneous. 6. Stimulation of both regions of the brain stem produced a much greater suppression of the response of the spinothalamic neurons to slowly changing or sustained mechanical stimuli than to transient stimuli. It is suggested that the effects of descending systems arising both in the raphe nuclei and in the reticular formation on the responses of spinothalamic neurons to a mechanical stimulus are at least as dependent on the time course of the mechanical stimulus as they are on its intensity.

The raphe nuclei of the cat brain stem: A topographical atlas of their efferent projections as revealed by autoradiography

1976 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bobillier ◽  
Solange Seguin ◽  
Francoise Petitjean ◽  
Denise Salvert ◽  
Monique Touret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Cat Brain ◽  
Efferent Projections ◽  
Raphé Nuclei
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