Cerebellar histogenesis in the lurcher (Lc) mutant mouse

1977 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Swisher ◽  
Doris B. Wilson
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020
Author(s):  
Ken Kitamura ◽  
Yasuhiro Yoshikawa ◽  
Fumiko Ochikubo

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia C. Hewitt ◽  
Leping Li ◽  
Sara A. Grimm ◽  
Wipawee Winuthayanon ◽  
Katherine J. Hamilton ◽  
...  

Abstract Estrogen receptor α (ERα) interacts with DNA directly or indirectly via other transcription factors, referred to as “tethering.” Evidence for tethering is based on in vitro studies and a widely used “KIKO” mouse model containing mutations that prevent direct estrogen response element DNA- binding. KIKO mice are infertile, due in part to the inability of estradiol (E2) to induce uterine epithelial proliferation. To elucidate the molecular events that prevent KIKO uterine growth, regulation of the pro-proliferative E2 target gene Klf4 and of Klf15, a progesterone (P4) target gene that opposes the pro-proliferative activity of KLF4, was evaluated. Klf4 induction was impaired in KIKO uteri; however, Klf15 was induced by E2 rather than by P4. Whole uterine chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed enrichment of KIKO ERα binding to hormone response elements (HREs) motifs. KIKO binding to HRE motifs was verified using reporter gene and DNA-binding assays. Because the KIKO ERα has HRE DNA-binding activity, we evaluated the “EAAE” ERα, which has more severe DNA-binding domain mutations, and demonstrated a lack of estrogen response element or HRE reporter gene induction or DNA-binding. The EAAE mouse has an ERα null–like phenotype, with impaired uterine growth and transcriptional activity. Our findings demonstrate that the KIKO mouse model, which has been used by numerous investigators, cannot be used to establish biological functions for ERα tethering, because KIKO ERα effectively stimulates transcription using HRE motifs. The EAAE-ERα DNA-binding domain mutant mouse demonstrates that ERα DNA-binding is crucial for biological and transcriptional processes in reproductive tissues and that ERα tethering may not contribute to estrogen responsiveness in vivo.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Birling ◽  
◽  
Atsushi Yoshiki ◽  
David J. Adams ◽  
Shinya Ayabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 105313
Author(s):  
Mei Jiang ◽  
Hai-Tao Tu ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei-Ping Yu ◽  
...  

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