Axonal migration of proteins in the central nervous system and peripheral nerves as shown by radioautography

1963 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Droz ◽  
C. P. Leblond
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Degeneration of skeletal muscle, peripheral nerves, and the central nervous system in transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type prion proteins

Cell ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Westaway ◽  
Stephen J. DeArmond ◽  
Juliana Cayetano-Canlas ◽  
Darlene Groth ◽  
Dallas Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Prion Proteins ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Filament proteins in central, cranial, and peripheral mammalian nerves.

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Davison ◽  
R N Jones
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Peptide Maps

Several classes of 10-nm filaments have been reported in mammalian cells and they can be distinguished by the size of their protein subunit. We have studied the distribution of these filaments in nerves from calves and other mammals. From the display on polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels of proteins in extracts from fibroblast and central, cranial and peripheral nerves, we cut the appropriate stained bands and prepared iodinated peptide maps. The similarities between the respective maps provide strong evidence for the presence of vimentin in cranial and peripheral nerves. The glial fibrillary acidic protein was found in axon preparations from the central nervous system, but was not identified in distal segments of some cranial nerves, nor in peripheral nerve.

Expression of the integrin alpha 6 beta 4 in peripheral nerves: localization in Schwann and perineural cells and different variants of the beta 4 subunit

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Niessen ◽  
O. Cremona ◽  
H. Daams ◽  
S. Ferraresi ◽  
A. Sonnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Integrin Alpha 6

Integrin alpha 6 beta 4 is expressed in human peripheral nerves, but not in the central nervous system. This integrin heterodimer has previously been found in perineural fibroblast-like cells and in Schwann cells (SCs), which both assemble a basement membrane but do not form hemidesmosomes. We show here that in SCs, which had formed a myelin sheath, alpha 6 beta 4 was enriched in the proximity of the nucleus, at Ranvier paranodal areas and at Schmitt-Lanterman clefts; alpha 6 beta 4 was also found at the grooved interface between small axons and non-myelinating SCs. Immunoprecipitation of human peripheral nerves, in combination with Western blotting showed that beta 4 is associated with the alpha 6A subunit. Northern blot analysis of human peripheral nerves showed a single beta 4 transcript of 6 kb. Using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we detected two mRNA species, one for the most common (−70, -53) form of beta 4 and the other encoding the (+53) variant of beta 4. Cultured SCs were devoid of alpha 6 beta 4 but expressed alpha 6 beta 1, indicating that SCs lose beta 4 expression when contact with neurons is lost. Thus, resting SCs in contact with axons express alpha 6A in combination with beta 4, irrespective of myelin formation. We suggest that alpha 6 beta 4 expressed in SCs plays a role in peripheral neurogenesis.

To the treatment of nervous diseases by parenteral administration of milk

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
G. Pervushin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Parenteral Administration ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Prof. VV Korelin (Psycho-Neur. Jur., 1926, issue I), having applied this treatment at 23 patients, observed full recovery in 8 cases, syphilis of the central nervous system, at combined treatment with mercury, - 4 sl., Inflammation of peripheral nerves - 3 sl. And epidemic meningitis - 1 sl.); further, in 3 cases this treatment gave improvement, and in others remained without result.

scholarly journals G. Marinesco. L’origine du facial supérieur. — Revue neurologique. 1898. № 2

2020 ◽  
Vol VI (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
A. E. Yanishevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
New Method ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This article is, obviously, a brief preliminary announcement. The author cites the results of his experiments, where he adopted a new method of research, based on the constancy of changes discovered by the Nissl method in the cells of the central nervous system after the interruption of the corresponding peripheral nerves.

scholarly journals ALLERGIC NEURITIS: AN EXPERIMENTAL DISEASE OF RABBITS INDUCED BY THE INJECTION OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS TISSUE AND ADJUVANTS

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron H. Waksman ◽  
Raymond D. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Allergic ◽  
Allergic Neuritis

In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), produced by injecting rabbits with whole rabbit spinal cord together with tubercle bacilli and mineral oil, lesions comparable to those seen in the central nervous system are found in the nerve roots, spinal ganglia, and peripheral nerves. When special fractions of bovine white matter are used as antigen in rabbits, the same distribution of lesions is seen but peripheral nerve involvement is relatively less frequent. When rabbit sciatic nerve or spinal ganglia are used as antigen in rabbits, lesions occur only in the roots, ganglia, and peripheral nerves. Lesions are not produced in the central nervous system, nor is there a meningitis. This disease picture has been called experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). The antigenicity of rabbit nerve is not impaired by autoclaving. Sciatic nerve of other mammalian species produces the same disease in rabbits as does rabbit nerve. Optic nerve, used as antigen, produces the typical picture of EAE, not EAN. The optic nerves are not affected in EAN, whereas they commonly contain lesions in EAE. There are differences of symptomatology, referable to the difference in distribution of lesions, between EAE and EAN. The spinal fluid of EAE shows an increase both in the number of cells and in the total protein content. In EAN, the same changes in protein are observed, but usually the cell count remains normal. The cell count appears to be related to the involvement of cerebral and spinal meninges, which is an almost invariable accompaniment of EAE. The skin tests and serologic studies made with homologous and heterologous antigens were essentially non-contributory, apparently as a consequence of the diversity of antigens present in the inoculated materials. The similarity between EAN and certain of the human polyneuritides is indicated and discussed.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON PSEUDORABIES (INFECTIOUS BULBAR PARALYSIS, MAD ITCH)

1934 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Weston Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Bulbar Paralysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation ◽  
Subcutaneous Inoculation

After intramuscular, intradermal and subcutaneous inoculation, the pseudorabies virus reaches the central nervous system by way of the peripheral nerves, although it is circulating in the blood. Centrifugal spread from the infected nervous tissues by the neural route also occurs. After intracerebral inoculation the virus passes in the reverse direction, down the nervous axis. The Aujeszky strain invades the blood stream more readily than does the Iowa strain; but possibly with repeated passage the latter is approximating in this respect more closely the classical Aujeszky strain. After intravenous inoculation, effective with even small doses, virus is rapidly removed from the blood, and multiple infective foci are established in various organs; thence ascent of the virus by the peripheral nerves leads to infection of the central nervous system, the symptomatology differing according to whether the spinal cord or the medulla is first reached. The lack of evidence that the virus can penetrate directly the hemato-encephalic barrier deserves emphasis. When subcutaneous inoculation is practised in an area deprived of its nerve supply, the ability of the virus to invade the blood stream permits it to establish infective foci in the various viscera, and, after a predictable delay, the course of infection resembles that following intravenous injection. The pseudorabies virus is pantropic; i.e., it readily attacks cells derived from any embryonic layer. Lesions in the adrenal gland following intravenous inoculation are very like those due to herpes virus similarly introduced, this being one point of similarity in the pathogenic action of the two organisms. The relation of the pseudorabies virus to other viruses affecting the central nervous system is discussed.

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