Structural and functional organization of mammalian cerebral cortex: The correlation of neurone density with brain size. Cortical neurone density in the fin whale (Balaenoptera Physalus L.) with a note on the cortical neurone density in the Indian elephant

1954 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Tower
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Cortical Neurone ◽  
Indian Elephant

scholarly journals Crassicauda boopis in a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) ship-struck in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAETITIA LEMPEREUR ◽  
MORGAN DELOBELLE ◽  
MARJAN DOOM ◽  
JAN HAELTERS ◽  
ETIENNE LEVY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Eastern North Atlantic ◽  
The Right

SUMMARY On 9 November 2015, a juvenile male fin whale of 11·60 m length was observed on the bulb of a merchant vessel in the Channel Terneuzen – Ghent (The Netherlands – Belgium). A severe parasitosis was present in the right heart ventricle and caudal caval vein. Parasites were identified as Crassicauda boopis based on macroscopic and microscopic observations. The sequence of the 18S rRNA gene obtained from the parasite samples was 100% similar to the sequence of the 18S rRNA gene from Crassicauda magna available on GenBank. While adults of C. boopis and C. magna are morphologically distinct and found at different locations in the body, the molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA gene seems insufficient for reliable species identification. Although numerous C. boopis were found, the cause of death was identified as due to the collision with the ship, as suggested by the presence of a large haematoma, and the absence of evidence of renal failure. The young age of this whale and the absence of severe chronic reaction may suggest that the infestation was not yet at an advanced chronic stage.

The distribution, cellular structure, and metabolism of adipose tissue in the fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Pond ◽  
Christine A. Mattacks
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
The North ◽  
Adipocyte Volume

The gross mass, mean adipocyte volume, and hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities of blubber and internal adipose tissue were measured from fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) caught in the North Atlantic west of Iceland. Fin whale adipocytes are smaller but more numerous than predictions from allometric equations relating adipose tissue structure to body mass, but the deviations are no greater than those of some terrestrial mammals, including humans. Significant activity of the glycolytic enzymes was measured from all adipose tissue samples except those around the eyeball; the activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase measured at room temperature are only slightly lower in the blubber than in the internal adipose depots. There was little evidence for metabolic correlates of the site-specific differences in the structure and chemistry of blubber. The highest capacity for glucose utilization was measured in adipose tissue from depots in the neck and the thorax, both of which may contain thermogenic tissue in neonates.

scholarly journals Cetacean records along a coastal-offshore gradient in the Vitória-Trindade Chain, western South Atlantic Ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
LL Wedekin ◽  
MR Rossi-Santos ◽  
C Baracho ◽  
AL Cypriano-Souza ◽  
PC Simões-Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Humpback Whale ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Antarctic Minke Whale ◽  
Trindade Island ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Species Being

Oceanic waters are difficult to assess, and there are many gaps in knowledge regarding cetacean occurrence. To fill some of these gaps, this article provides important cetacean records obtained in the winter of 2010 during a dedicated expedition to collect visual and acoustic information in the Vitória-Trindade seamounts. We observed 19 groups of cetaceans along a 1300-km search trajectory, with six species being identified: the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae, N = 9 groups), the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus, N = 1), the Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis, N = 1), the rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis, N = 1), the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, N = 2), and the killer whale (Orcinus orca, N = 1). Most humpback whale groups (N = 7; 78%) were observed in the Vitória-Trindade seamounts, especially the mounts close to the Abrolhos Bank. Only one lone humpback whale was observed near Trindade Island after a search effort encompassing more than 520 km. From a total of 28 acoustic stations, humpback whale songs were only detected near the seamounts close to the Abrolhos Bank, where most groups of this species were visually detected (including a competitive group and groups with calves). The presence of humpback whales at the Trindade Island and surroundings is most likely occasional, with few sightings and low density. Finally, we observed a significant number of humpback whales along the seamounts close to the Abrolhos Bank, which may function as a breeding habitat for this species. We also added important records regarding the occurrence of cetaceans in these mounts and in the Western South Atlantic, including the endangered fin whale.

Balaenoptera physalus (Fin whale)

1971 ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
T. C. Hsu ◽  
Kurt Benirschke
Keyword(s):  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Fin Whale

scholarly journals Primer registro de la interacción entre Isistius sp. (Elasmobranchii: Dalatiidae) y Balaenoptera physalus (Mysticeti: Balaenopteridae) en aguas venezolanas

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Esteves ◽  
Arnaldo Figueredo ◽  
Rodrigo Acosta ◽  
Carlos Lira ◽  
Luis Bermúdez-Villapol
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Fin Whale

The stranding of an adult male Balaenoptera physalus (Mysticeti: Balaenopteridae) in Los Cocoteros Beach in Margarita Island, Venezuela, gave the chance of studying the interactions present in it. 33 injuries were found in several points of rorqual tegument; oval or rounded in shape, like craters, from 5 to 7 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, and 3 to 5 cm deep. Most of them, were fresh. Wounds were attributed to the cookie cutter shark Isistius sp. (Elasmobranchii: Dalatiidae), given the remarkable correspondences. The present noteconstitutes the first known association between the cookie cutter shark and the fin whale in Venezuelan, Caribbean and western Atlantic waters.

scholarly journals Dolphin Morbillivirus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfection in a Mediterranean fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Mazzariol ◽  
Federica Marcer ◽  
Walter Mignone ◽  
Laura Serracca ◽  
Mariella Goria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Dolphin Morbillivirus

Aspects of the structure and composition of baleen, and some effects of exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. St. Aubin ◽  
R. H. Stinson ◽  
J. R. Geraci
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Iron And Calcium

The structure and composition of baleen from seven species of whales was studied using tensiometry. X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. Baleen was found to be composed principally of amorphous and α-keratin. Hydroxyapatite (bone mineral, Ca10 (PO4)6 OH2) was present in all species. Certain elements, notably manganese, copper, boron, iron, and calcium were more highly concentrated in the fibers than in the matrix of the plate. The breaking strength of baleen plates from fin (Balaenoptera physalus), sei (B. borealis), and grey (Eschrichtius robustus) whales was comparable to that of buffalo horn, in the range of 2−9 × 106 N∙m−2. The stiffness of baleen was somewhat less than that of other keratinized tissues. Treatment with 10% (v/v) trichloroacetic acid for 8 days removed most of the calcium salts, denatured α-keratin, and made fin whale plates stronger and stiffer. Exposure to gasoline for 1.5 h or 14 days, crude oil for 8 days, or tar for 21 days resulted in loss of trace elements from baleen, and inconsistent changes in keratin organization. After tar exposure, fin whale baleen plates were stiffer and stronger. We presume that at sea, baleen would be relatively resistant to damage by spilled oil.

Synthesis

2019 ◽  
pp. 423-472
Author(s):  
Georg F. Striedter ◽  
R. Glenn Northcutt
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Relative Brain Size

After summarizing the earlier chapters, which focused on the evolution of specific lineages, this chapter examines general patterns in the evolution of vertebrate nervous systems. Most conspicuous is that relative brain size and complexity increased independently in many lineages. The proportional size of individual brain regions tends to change predictably with absolute brain size (and neurogenesis timing), but the scaling rules vary across lineages. Attempts to link variation in the size of individual brain areas (or entire brains) to behavior are complicated in part because the connections, internal organization, and functions of individual brain regions also vary across phylogeny. In addition, major changes in the functional organization of vertebrate brains were caused by the emergence of novel brain regions (e.g., neocortex in mammals and area dorsalis centralis in teleosts) and novel circuits. These innovations significantly modified the “vertebrate brain Bauplan,” but their mechanistic origins and implications require further investigation.

Revision of fin whale Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) subspecies using genetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick I Archer ◽  
Robert L Brownell ◽  
Brittany L Hancock-Hanser ◽  
Phillip A Morin ◽  
Kelly M Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
The North ◽  
Fin Whales ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Three subspecies of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) are currently recognized, including the northern fin whale (B. p. physalus), the southern fin whale (B. p. quoyi), and the pygmy fin whale (B. p. patachonica). The Northern Hemisphere subspecies encompasses fin whales in both the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. A recent analysis of 154 mitogenome sequences of fin whales from these two ocean basins and the Southern Hemisphere suggested that the North Pacific and North Atlantic populations should be treated as different subspecies. Using these mitogenome sequences, in this study, we conduct analyses on a larger mtDNA control region data set, and on 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 144 of the 154 samples in the mitogenome data set. Our results reveal that North Pacific and North Atlantic fin whales can be correctly assigned to their ocean basin with 99% accuracy. Results of the SNP analysis indicate a correct classification rate of 95%, very low rates of gene flow among ocean basins, and that distinct mitogenome matrilines in the North Pacific are interbreeding. These results indicate that North Pacific fin whales should be recognized as a separate subspecies, with the name B. p. velifera Cope in Scammon 1869 as the oldest available name.

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