Inhibition of formation of a glial barrier as a means of permitting a peripheral nerve to grow into the brain

1952 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Windle ◽  
C. D. Clemente ◽  
W. W. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Glial Barrier ◽  
The Brain

Perineural extension of cutaneous desmoplastic melanoma mimicking an intracranial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Barnett ◽  
Michael J. Wells ◽  
Bruce Mickey ◽  
Kimmo J. Hatanpaa
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Perineural Spread ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Desmoplastic Melanoma ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
The Brain

The authors present a case illustrating the importance of obtaining a biopsy of any facial skin lesions in a patient presenting with an intracranial tumor involving the facial or trigeminal nerve. Conventional malignant melanoma metastasizes to the brain frequently and does not usually pose diagnostic difficulties. Direct intracranial spread of cutaneous melanoma is rare. In our patient, desmoplastic melanoma with perineural spread to the Meckel cave mimicked a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor clinically, radiographically, and histologically.

Iodoantipyrine and Rb86 Cl uptake by brain, cord, and sciatic nerve in the rat

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris J. Mandel ◽  
Francesco Arcidiacono ◽  
Leo A. Sapirstein
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Anatomical Entity ◽  
Nerve Blood Flow ◽  
The Brain

Rb86 and Iodo131 antipyrine were injected together by vein in rats. The brain, spinal cord, and nerve contents of each label were measured 30 or 60 sec later. Iodoantipyrine values were used to calculate blood flow to these portions of the nervous system. The ratio of Rb86 to iodoantipyrine uptake was used as an index of the efficacy of the hematoneural barrier. The barrier is most complete in the brain, less complete in the spinal cord, and absent in peripheral nerve. Blood flow values per gram are: brain .41 ml/g min; cord .28 ml/g min, and nerve .11 ml/g min. It is suggested that the blood-brain barrier is an anatomical entity rather than a functional one.

Lessons learned from magnetic stimulation of physical models and peripheral nerve in vitro

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Maccabee ◽  
Vahe E. Amassian
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Root Stimulation ◽  
Insight Into

This article provides a conceptual framework, which contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in brain stimulation. The relationship between the induced topographic electric field and specific sites and regions of nerve activation in the brain are still not precisely known. Nevertheless, there is much more specific information available concerning peripheral nerve and nerve root stimulation. In vitro studies provide insight into the different properties of monophasic versus polyphasic pulses. Studies of brain stimulation agree with the in vitro conclusion that the polyphasic pulse is more powerful than the monophasic pulse. The shape of the induced pulse may be a relevant clinical response factor in repetitive TMS.

scholarly journals Accelerated Nerve Regeneration in Mice by upregulated expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-6 receptor after trauma.

1996 ◽  
Vol 183 (6) ◽  
pp. 2627-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hirota ◽  
H Kiyama ◽  
T Kishimoto ◽  
T Taga
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Receptor Component ◽  
The Brain

In this study we aimed to examine a role for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and its receptor (IL-6R) in peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. We first observed that cultured mouse embryonic dorsal root ganglia exhibited dramatic neurite extension by simultaneous addition of IL-6 and soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R), a complex that is known to interact with and activate a signal transducing receptor component, gp130. After injury in the hypoglossal nerve in adult mice by ligation, immunoreactivity to IL-6 was upregulated in Schwann cells at the lesional site as well as in the cell bodies of hypoglossal neurons in the brain stem. In the latter, upregulation of the immunoreactivity to IL-6R was also observed. Regeneration of axotomized hypoglossal nerve in vivo was significantly retarded by the administration of anti-IL-6R antibody. Surprisingly, accelerated regeneration of the axotomized nerve was achieved in transgenic mice constitutively expressing both IL-6 and IL-6R, as compared with nontransgenic controls. These results suggest that the IL-6 signal may play an important role in nerve regeneration after trauma in vivo.

Multiple Sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Simon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Nerve Involvement ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Involvement ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disabling neurological disease due to an autoimmune process of unknown cause. It is characterized by the formation of patches of demyelination (plaques) throughout the brain and spinal cord. There is no peripheral nerve involvement.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis within diagnostics and treatment of retroperitoneal schwannoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Grabińska ◽  
Tomasz Ząbowski ◽  
Sławomir Szymczyk ◽  
Anna Grabińska
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Caudate Lobe ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Retroperitoneal Schwannoma ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Retroperitoneal schwannoma is a rare tumor that originates from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. It is mostly located in the brain and spinal cord, but can affect other untypical places such as the scrotum and penis. Aim: The aim of this study was to present two different cases of retroperitoneal schwannoma. Case study: The authors present two cases of patients with benign and malignant retroperitoneal schwannomas (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor – MPNST). Results and discussion: It has been reported that only 0.7% of schwannomas occur in the retroperitoneum. It is difficult to diagnose this tumor preoperatively because of the clinical variety and a lack of the characteristic symptoms. These tumors can mimic different conditions, such as pancreatic tail tumors, a hepatic tumor in the caudate lobe, or lymph node metastases. They can arise at any age, but generally occur between 30 and 50 years of age and develop in any race. Based on the literature published in the last 20 years regarding schwannomas arising in retroperitoneum 20 cases were reported. Conclusions: Careful monitoring is highly recommended after retroperitoneal schwannoma removal.

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