scholarly journals The brain of Cataglyphis ants: Neuronal organization and visual projections

2020 ◽  
Vol 528 (18) ◽  
pp. 3479-3506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Habenstein ◽  
Emad Amini ◽  
Kornelia Grübel ◽  
Basil el Jundi ◽  
Wolfgang Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Organization ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The neuronal basis for consciousness

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1377) ◽  
pp. 1841-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
R. Llinás ◽  
U. Ribary ◽  
D. Contreras ◽  
C. Pedroarena
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Neuronal Organization ◽  
Global Function ◽  
Loop Function ◽  
Functional States ◽  
The Rich ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

Attempting to understand how the brain, as a whole, might be organized seems, for the first time, to be a serious topic of inquiry. One aspect of its neuronal organization that seems particularly central to global function is the rich thalamocortical interconnectivity, and most particularly the reciprocal nature of the thalamocortical neuronal loop function. Moreover, the interaction between the specific and non-specific thalamic loops suggests that rather than a gate into the brain, the thalamus represents a hub from which any site in the cortex can communicate with any other such site or sites. The goal of this paper is to explore the basic assumption that large–scale, temporal coincidence of specific and non–specific thalamic activity generates the functional states that characterize human cognition.

scholarly journals Differential functions of the Apoer2 intracellular domain in selenium uptake and cell signaling

2009 ◽  
Vol 390 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Masiulis ◽  
Timothy A. Quill ◽  
Raymond F. Burk ◽  
Joachim Herz
Keyword(s):  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Selenoprotein P ◽  
Neuronal Organization ◽  
Selenium Uptake ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Reelin Signaling ◽  
Low Selenium ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (Apoer2) is a multifunctional transport and signaling receptor that regulates the uptake of selenium into the mouse brain and testis through endocytosis of selenoprotein P (Sepp1). Mice deficient in Apoer2 or Sepp1 are infertile, with kinked and hypomotile spermatozoa. They also develop severe neurological defects on a low selenium diet, due to a profound impairment of selenium uptake. Little is known about the function of Apoer2 in the testis beyond its role as a Sepp1 receptor. By contrast, in the brain, Apoer2 is an essential component of the Reelin signaling pathway, which is required for proper neuronal organization and synapse function. Using knock-in mice, we have functionally dissociated the signaling motifs in the Apoer2 cytoplasmic domain from Sepp1 uptake. Selenium concentration of brain and testis was normal in the knock-in mutants, in contrast to Apoer2 knock-outs. Thus, the neurological defects in the signaling impaired knock-in mice are not caused by a selenium uptake defect, but instead are a direct consequence of a disruption of the Reelin signal. Reduced sperm motility was observed in some of the knock-in mice, indicating a novel signaling role for Apoer2 in sperm development and function that is independent of selenium uptake.

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