On the organization of receptive fields of retinal spot detectors projecting to the fish tectum: Analogies with the local edge detectors in frogs and mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 528 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1435
Author(s):  
Elena M. Maximova ◽  
Alexey T. Aliper ◽  
Ilija Damjanović ◽  
Alisa A. Zaichikova ◽  
Paul V. Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Edge Detectors ◽  
Local Edge

scholarly journals Retinal Synaptic Pathways Underlying the Response of the Rabbit Local Edge Detector

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 2757-2769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Russell ◽  
Frank S. Werblin
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Edge Detector ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Field Sensitivity ◽  
Glycinergic Inhibition ◽  
Local Edge ◽  
Feedforward Inhibition

We studied the circuitry that underlies the behavior of the local edge detector (LED) retinal ganglion cell in rabbit by measuring the spatial and temporal properties of excitatory and inhibitory currents under whole cell voltage clamp. Previous work showed that LED excitation is suppressed by activity in the surround. However, the contributions of outer and inner retina to this characteristic and the neurotransmitters used are currently unknown. Blockage of retinal inhibitory pathways (GABAA, GABAC, and glycine) eliminated edge selectivity. Inverting gratings in the surround with 50-μm stripe sizes did not stimulate horizontal cells, but suppressed on and off excitation by roughly 60%, indicating inhibition of bipolar terminals (feedback inhibition). On pharmacologic blockage, we showed that feedback inhibition used both GABAA and GABAC receptors, but not glycine. Glycinergic inhibition suppressed GABAergic feedback inhibition in the center, enabling larger excitatory currents in response to luminance changes. Excitation, feedback inhibition, and direct (feedforward) inhibition responded to luminance-neutral flipping gratings of 20- to 50-μm widths, showing they are driven by independent subunits within their receptive fields, which confers sensitivity to borders between areas of texture and nontexture. Feedforward inhibition was glycinergic, its rise time was faster than decay time, and did not function to delay spiking at the onset of a stimulus. Both the on and off phases could be triggered by luminance shifts as short in duration as 33 ms and could be triggered during scenes that already produced a high baseline level of feedforward inhibition. Our results show how LED circuitry can use subreceptive field sensitivity to detect visual edges via the interaction between excitation and feedback inhibition and also respond to rapid luminance shifts within a rapidly changing scene by producing feedforward inhibition.

scholarly journals Distinct Roles for Inhibition in Spatial and Temporal Tuning of Local Edge Detectors in the Rabbit Retina

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e88560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmya Venkataramani ◽  
Michiel Van Wyk ◽  
Ilya Buldyrev ◽  
Benjamin Sivyer ◽  
David I. Vaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Retina ◽  
Edge Detectors ◽  
Local Edge

Neuronal Processing of Contours

Physiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Von der Heydt ◽  
E Peterhans ◽  
G Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Surface Contour ◽  
Edge Detectors ◽  
Neuronal Processing ◽  
Local Edge

The visual cortex looks at things in a strange way: perception of the white of a sheet of paper is related to activity of the neurons stimulated by its edges, not its surface;contour is a product of a cortical mechanism that integrates various "occlusion cues," not an intensity step that excites local edge detectors.

scholarly journals Six different roles for crossover inhibition in the retina: Correcting the nonlinearities of synaptic transmission

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK S. WERBLIN
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Edge Detection ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Local Edge

AbstractEarly retinal studies categorized ganglion cell behavior as either linear or nonlinear and rectifying as represented by the familiar X- and Y-type ganglion cells in cat. Nonlinear behavior is in large part a consequence of the rectifying nonlinearities inherent in synaptic transmission. These nonlinear signals underlie many special functions in retinal processing, including motion detection, motion in motion, and local edge detection. But linear behavior is also required for some visual processing tasks. For these tasks, the inherently nonlinear signals are “linearized” by “crossover inhibition.” Linearization utilizes a circuitry whereby nonlinear ON inhibition adds with nonlinear OFF excitation or ON excitation adds with OFF inhibition to generate a more linear postsynaptic voltage response. Crossover inhibition has now been measured in most bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells. Functionally crossover inhibition enhances edge detection, allows ganglion cells to recognize luminance-neutral patterns with their receptive fields, permits ganglion cells to distinguish contrast from luminance, and maintains a more constant conductance during the light response. In some cases, crossover extends the operating range of cone-driven OFF ganglion cells into the scotopic levels. Crossover inhibition is also found in neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus and V1.

Ultrastructure of developing visual cortical synapses in the cat superior colliculus

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Miller ◽  
Laura L. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Cortical Area ◽  
Cortical Synapses ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
And Function ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cat Superior Colliculus

The first visual cortical axons arrive in the cat superior colliculus by the time of birth. Adultlike receptive fields develop slowly over several weeks following birth. The developing cortical axons go through a sequence of changes before acquiring their adultlike morphology and function. To determine how these axons interact with neurons in the colliculus, cortico-collicular axons were labeled with biocytin (an anterograde neuronal tracer) and studied with electron microscopy.Deeply anesthetized animals received 200-500 nl injections of biocytin (Sigma; 5% in phosphate buffer) in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortical area. After a 24 hr survival time, the animals were deeply anesthetized and perfused with 0.9% phosphate buffered saline followed by fixation with a solution of 1.25% glutaraldehyde and 1.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer. The brain was sectioned transversely on a vibratome at 50 μm. The tissue was processed immediately to visualize the biocytin.

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