The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis ). II. The olfactory system

2018 ◽  
Vol 526 (16) ◽  
pp. 2548-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminu Imam ◽  
Adhil Bhagwandin ◽  
Moyosore S. Ajao ◽  
Muhammed A. Spocter ◽  
Amadi O. Ihunwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The cell biology of smell

2010 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon DeMaria ◽  
John Ngai
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Large Family ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
The Brain

The olfactory system detects and discriminates myriad chemical structures across a wide range of concentrations. To meet this task, the system utilizes a large family of G protein–coupled receptors—the odorant receptors—which are the chemical sensors underlying the perception of smell. Interestingly, the odorant receptors are also involved in a number of developmental decisions, including the regulation of their own expression and the patterning of the olfactory sensory neurons' synaptic connections in the brain. This review will focus on the diverse roles of the odorant receptor in the function and development of the olfactory system.

Carnosine in the brain and olfactory system of amphibia and reptilia: A comparative study using immunocytochemical and biochemical methods

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Artero ◽  
Elisa Martì ◽  
Stefano Biffo ◽  
Bruno Mulatero ◽  
Claudia Andreone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Biochemical Methods ◽  
The Brain

The olfactory system as a portal of entry for airborne polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to the brain?

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimund Apfelbach ◽  
Axel Engelhart ◽  
Peter Behnisch ◽  
Hanspaul Hagenmaier
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Portal Of Entry ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Functional integration of “undead” neurons in the olfactory system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia L. Prieto-Godino ◽  
Ana F. Silbering ◽  
Mohammed A. Khallaf ◽  
Steeve Cruchet ◽  
Karolina Bojkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Functional Neuron ◽  
Circuit Formation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Chemosensory Organs

ABSTRACTProgrammed cell death (PCD) is widespread during neurodevelopment, typically eliminating the surpluses of neuronal production. Employing the Drosophila olfactory system, we examined the potential of cells fated to die to contribute to circuit evolution. Inhibition of PCD is sufficient to generate many new cells that express neural markers and exhibit odor-evoked activity. These “undead” neurons express a subset of olfactory receptors that, intriguingly, is enriched for recent receptor duplicates and include some normally found in other chemosensory organs and life-stages. Moreover, undead neuron axons integrate into the olfactory circuitry in the brain, forming novel receptor/glomerular couplings. Comparison of homologous olfactory lineages across drosophilids reveals natural examples of fate changes from death to a functional neuron. Finally, we provide evidence that PCD contributes to evolutionary differences in carbon dioxide-sensing circuit formation in Drosophila and mosquitoes. These results reveal the remarkable potential of alterations in PCD patterning to evolve new neural pathways.

From the periphery to the brain: Wiring the olfactory system

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Blanchart ◽  
Laura López-Mascaraque
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe olfactory system represents a perfect model to study the interactions between the central and peripheral nervous systems in order to establish a neural circuit during early embryonic development. In addition, another important feature of this system is the capability to integrate new cells generated in two neurogenic zones: the olfactory epithelium in the periphery and the wall of the lateral ventricles in the CNS, both during development and adulthood. In all these processes the combination and sequence of specific molecular signals plays a critical role in the wiring of the olfactory axons, as well as the precise location of the incoming cell populations to the olfactory bulb. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent insights into the cellular and molecular events that dictate cell settling position and axonal trajectories from their origin in the olfactory placode to the formation of synapses in the olfactory bulb to ensure rapid and reliable transmission of olfactory information from the nose to the brain.

scholarly journals Olfactory System Involvement in Natural Scrapie Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 3657-3667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Corona ◽  
Chiara Porcario ◽  
Francesca Martucci ◽  
Barbara Iulini ◽  
Barbara Manea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Prion Infection ◽  
Natural Scrapie ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The olfactory system (OS) is involved in many infectious and neurodegenerative diseases, both human and animal, and it has recently been investigated in regard to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Previous assessments of nasal mucosa infection by prions following intracerebral challenge suggested a potential centrifugal spread along the olfactory nerve fibers of the pathological prion protein (PrPSc). Whether the nasal cavity may be a route for centripetal prion infection to the brain has also been experimentally studied. With the present study, we wanted to determine whether prion deposition in the OS occurs also under field conditions and what type of anatomical localization PrPSc might display there. We report here on detection by different techniques of PrPSc in the nasal mucosa and in the OS-related brain areas of sheep affected by natural scrapie. PrPSc was detected in the perineurium of the olfactory nerve bundles in the medial nasal concha and in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. Olfactory receptor neurons did not show PrPSc immunostaining. PrPSc deposition was found in the brain areas of olfactory fiber projection, chiefly in the olfactory bulb and the olfactory cortex. The prevalent PrPSc deposition patterns were subependymal, perivascular, and submeningeal. This finding, together with the discovery of an intense PrPSc immunostaining in the meningeal layer of the olfactory nerve perineurium, at the border with the subdural space extension surrounding the nerve rootlets, strongly suggests a probable role of cerebrospinal fluid in conveying prion infectivity to the nasal submucosa.

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