Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 in auditory and song control brain regions in the adult zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

2014 ◽  
Vol 522 (9) ◽  
pp. 2129-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rabiul Karim ◽  
Shouichiro Saito ◽  
Yasuro Atoji
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Song Control

scholarly journals Early nutritional stress impairs development of a song-control brain region in both male and female juvenile song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ) at the onset of song learning

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1600) ◽  
pp. 2559-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian F MacDonald ◽  
Bethany Kempster ◽  
Liana Zanette ◽  
Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Food Restriction ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Song Control

Birdsong is a sexually selected trait and is often viewed as an indicator of male quality. The developmental stress hypothesis proposes a model by which song could be an indicator; the time during early development, when birds learn complex songs and/or local variants of song, is of rapid development and nutritional stress. Birds that cope best with this stress may better learn to produce the most effective songs. The developmental stress hypothesis predicts that early food restriction should impair development of song-control brain regions at the onset of song learning. We examined the effect of food restriction on song-control brain regions in fledgling (both sexes, 23–26 days old) song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ). Food restriction selectively reduced HVC volume in both sexes. In addition, sex differences were evident in all three song-control regions. This study lends further support to a growing body of literature documenting a variety of behavioural, physiological and neural detriments in several songbird species resulting from early developmental stress.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Patterns of Gene Expression in Avian Song Control Brain Regions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e35119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K. Thompson ◽  
John Meitzen ◽  
Kirstin Replogle ◽  
Jenny Drnevich ◽  
Karin L. Lent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Song Control ◽  
Avian Song

Photostimulation induces rapid growth of song-control brain regions in male and female chickadees (Poecile atricapilla)

2003 ◽  
Vol 340 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton ◽  
Alexandra M Hernandez ◽  
Kenneth F Valyear ◽  
Andrew P Clark
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Poecile Atricapilla ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Song Control

scholarly journals Distribution of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid and Protein in the Septum-Hypothalamus of the Rat

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston Lin ◽  
Kyle McKinney ◽  
Liansheng Liu ◽  
Shruti Lakhlani ◽  
Lothar Jennes
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurons ◽  
Neurotransmitter Glutamate ◽  
Arcuate Nuclei

The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is involved in the control of most, perhaps all, neuroendocrine systems, yet the sites of glutamatergic neurons and their processes are unknown. Here, we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the neuron-specific vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGLUT2) to identify the neurons in female rats that synthesize the neurotransmitter glutamate as well as their projections throughout the septum-hypothalamus. The results show that glutamatergic neurons are present in the septum-diagonal band complex and throughout the hypothalamus. The preoptic area and ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei are particularly rich in glutamatergic neurons, followed by the supraoptic, paraventricular, and arcuate nuclei, whereas the suprachiasmatic nucleus does not express detectable amounts of VGLUT2 mRNA. Immunoreactive neurites are seen in very high densities in all regions analyzed, particularly in the preoptic region, followed by the ventromedial, dorsomedial, and arcuate nuclei as well as the external layer of the median eminence, whereas the mammillary complex does not exhibit VGLUT2 immunoreactivity. Many VGLUT2 immunoreactive fibers also contained synaptophysin, suggesting that the transporter is indeed localized to presynaptic terminals. Together, the results identify glutamatergic cell bodies throughout the septum-hypothalamus in region-specific patterns and show that glutamatergic nerve terminals are present in very large numbers such that most neurons in these brain regions can receive glutamatergic input. We examined the GnRH system as an example of a typical neuroendocrine system and could show that the GnRH perikarya are closely apposed by many VGLUT2-immunoreactive boutons, some of which also contained synaptophysin. The presence of VGLUT2 mRNA-containing cells in specific nuclei of the hypothalamus indicates that many neuroendocrine neurons coexpress glutamate as neurotransmitter, in addition to neuropeptides. These systems include the oxytocin, vasopressin, or CRH neurons as well as many others in the periventricular and mediobasal hypothalamus. The presence of VGLUT2 mRNA in steroid-sensitive regions of the hypothalamus, such as the anteroventral periventricular, paraventricular, or ventromedial nuclei indicates that gonadal and adrenal steroid can directly alter the functions of these glutamatergic neurons.

scholarly journals Experimental exposure to urban and pink noise affects brain development and song learning in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique A. Potvin ◽  
Michael T. Curcio ◽  
John P. Swaddle ◽  
Scott A. MacDougall-Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Pink Noise ◽  
Urban Noise ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Baseline Corticosterone ◽  
Generational Changes ◽  
Song Control

Recently, numerous studies have observed changes in bird vocalizations—especially song—in urban habitats. These changes are often interpreted as adaptive, since they increase the active space of the signal in its environment. However, the proximate mechanisms driving cross-generational changes in song are still unknown. We performed a captive experiment to identify whether noise experienced during development affects song learning and the development of song-control brain regions. Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) were bred while exposed, or not exposed, to recorded traffic urban noise (Study 1) or pink noise (Study 2). We recorded the songs of male offspring and compared these to fathers’ songs. We also measured baseline corticosterone and measured the size of song-control brain regions when the males reached adulthood (Study 1 only). While male zebra finches tended to copy syllables accurately from tutors regardless of noise environment, syntax (the ordering of syllables within songs) was incorrectly copied affected by juveniles exposed to noise. Noise did not affect baseline corticosterone, but did affect the size of brain regions associated with song learning: these regions were smaller in males that had been had been exposed to recorded traffic urban noise in early development. These findings provide a possible mechanism by which noise affects behaviour, leading to potential population differences between wild animals occupying noisier urban environments compared with those in quieter habitats.

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